GNRS 515 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS | ALREADY HIGHLY RATED |
LATEST EXAM UPDATE
When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-K membrane pump
may be impaired. Which of the following may then result?
a.intracellular sodium will increase
b. extracellular potassium will decrease
c. cell volume will decrease
d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - A
Mr. Forbes is being prepared for open heart surgery when he suffers a
myocardial infarction in which a large part of his left ventricle has suffered
lethal cell injury.
Mr. Forbes' CPK-MB and LDH1, enzymes associated with myocardial cells, are
significantly elevated. What is the best explanation for this?
a. It is a sign that necrotic myocardial cells have released their cytoplasmic
contents into the blood.
b. It is a sign of reversible fatty accumulation in the myocardial cells
c. It is a sign that the myocardial cells are undergoing hypertrophy.
d. None of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER - A
If a tissue specimen of myocardial cells were obtained for examination from Mr.
Forbes, which of the following findings would indicate irreversible cell injury?
a. cellular swelling
b. decreased ATP production
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. dissolution of nuclear material - CORRECT ANSWER - D
,The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired energy production
results from which of the following?
a. increased intracellular glucose
b. increased anaerobic metabolism
c. decreased metabolic rate
d. increased oxidative phosphorylation - CORRECT ANSWER - B
A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss Alps and has lost all
his equipment and supplies in an avalanche. Subsequently, he suffers cell injury
due to impaired ATP production. The reason for the decrease in ATP is which of
the following?
a. enzyme inhibition
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - C
An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left middle cerebral artery. The
brain tissue supplied by this artery becomes hypoxic. The best explanation for
this is which of the following?
a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the blood
c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction reduces oxygen content in
the blood
d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia - CORRECT
ANSWER - A
Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to liver cells can result in
fat accumulation. Which of the following problems results in increased
mobilization of free fatty acids?
a. anemia
,b. hepatic toxins
c. starvation
d. hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER - C
Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic metabolism in cells.
Anaerobic metabolism results in which of the following?
a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
b. decreased arterial pH
c. more effective ATP production
d. increased pH inside cells - CORRECT ANSWER - B
There is a disease of the spleen, which results in an excessive destruction of
RBCs. This increase in RBC destruction can lead to which of the following?
a. hypoxia
b. hypobilirubinemia
c. an increase in platelets
d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - A
Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid hormones. This will
lead to ____________ of the thyroid gland.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. dysplasia
d. metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - B
Direct cell membrane destruction may result from which of the following?
a. complement activation
b. bacterial enzymes
, c. free radicals
d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - D
Which of the following is true regarding apoptosis?
a. It occurrence may be physiological or pathological.
b. It does not stimulate the inflammatory process.
c. It results in phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell.
d. all of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER - D
Insufficient blood flow to a part of the body is defined as:
a. hypoxia.
b. hypoxemia.
c. necrosis.
d. ischemia. - CORRECT ANSWER - D
A cellular change, which is often precancerous, is called:
a. hyperplasia.
b. metaplasia.
c. dysplasia.
d. hypertrophy. - CORRECT ANSWER - C
Which of the following changes is indicative of irreversible cell injury?
a. sodium influx into the cytoplasm
b. glycolysis (anaerobic metabolism)
c. detachment of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum
d. release of lysosomal enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - D
AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS | ALREADY HIGHLY RATED |
LATEST EXAM UPDATE
When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-K membrane pump
may be impaired. Which of the following may then result?
a.intracellular sodium will increase
b. extracellular potassium will decrease
c. cell volume will decrease
d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - A
Mr. Forbes is being prepared for open heart surgery when he suffers a
myocardial infarction in which a large part of his left ventricle has suffered
lethal cell injury.
Mr. Forbes' CPK-MB and LDH1, enzymes associated with myocardial cells, are
significantly elevated. What is the best explanation for this?
a. It is a sign that necrotic myocardial cells have released their cytoplasmic
contents into the blood.
b. It is a sign of reversible fatty accumulation in the myocardial cells
c. It is a sign that the myocardial cells are undergoing hypertrophy.
d. None of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER - A
If a tissue specimen of myocardial cells were obtained for examination from Mr.
Forbes, which of the following findings would indicate irreversible cell injury?
a. cellular swelling
b. decreased ATP production
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. dissolution of nuclear material - CORRECT ANSWER - D
,The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired energy production
results from which of the following?
a. increased intracellular glucose
b. increased anaerobic metabolism
c. decreased metabolic rate
d. increased oxidative phosphorylation - CORRECT ANSWER - B
A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss Alps and has lost all
his equipment and supplies in an avalanche. Subsequently, he suffers cell injury
due to impaired ATP production. The reason for the decrease in ATP is which of
the following?
a. enzyme inhibition
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - C
An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left middle cerebral artery. The
brain tissue supplied by this artery becomes hypoxic. The best explanation for
this is which of the following?
a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the blood
c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction reduces oxygen content in
the blood
d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia - CORRECT
ANSWER - A
Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to liver cells can result in
fat accumulation. Which of the following problems results in increased
mobilization of free fatty acids?
a. anemia
,b. hepatic toxins
c. starvation
d. hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER - C
Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic metabolism in cells.
Anaerobic metabolism results in which of the following?
a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
b. decreased arterial pH
c. more effective ATP production
d. increased pH inside cells - CORRECT ANSWER - B
There is a disease of the spleen, which results in an excessive destruction of
RBCs. This increase in RBC destruction can lead to which of the following?
a. hypoxia
b. hypobilirubinemia
c. an increase in platelets
d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - A
Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid hormones. This will
lead to ____________ of the thyroid gland.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. dysplasia
d. metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - B
Direct cell membrane destruction may result from which of the following?
a. complement activation
b. bacterial enzymes
, c. free radicals
d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - D
Which of the following is true regarding apoptosis?
a. It occurrence may be physiological or pathological.
b. It does not stimulate the inflammatory process.
c. It results in phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell.
d. all of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER - D
Insufficient blood flow to a part of the body is defined as:
a. hypoxia.
b. hypoxemia.
c. necrosis.
d. ischemia. - CORRECT ANSWER - D
A cellular change, which is often precancerous, is called:
a. hyperplasia.
b. metaplasia.
c. dysplasia.
d. hypertrophy. - CORRECT ANSWER - C
Which of the following changes is indicative of irreversible cell injury?
a. sodium influx into the cytoplasm
b. glycolysis (anaerobic metabolism)
c. detachment of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum
d. release of lysosomal enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - D
