Page 1 of 56
“A&E I COMPREHENSIVE EXAM “ NEWEST UPDATED
EXAM 2025 – 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
VERIFIED 100% GRADED A+ (LATEST VERSION)
A plan of care for the patient with COPD could include (select all that apply)
a. exercise such as walking.
b. high flow rate of O2 administration.
c. low-dose chronic oral corticosteroid therapy.
d. use of peak flow meter to monitor the progression of COPD.
e. breathing exercises such as pursed-lip breathing that focus on exhalation.
a. exercise such as walking.
e. breathing exercises such as pursed-lip breathing that focus on exhalation.
The effects of cigarette smoking on the respiratory system include
a. hypertrophy of capillaries causing hemoptysis.
b. hyperplasia of goblet cells and increased production of mucus.
c. increased proliferation of cilia and decreased clearance of mucus.
d. proliferation of alveolar macrophages to decrease the risk for infection.
b. hyperplasia of goblet cells and increased production of mucus.
The nurse is performing a respiratory assessment. Which finding best
supports the nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance?
Basilar crackles
Oxygen saturation of 85%
Presence of greenish sputum
Respiratory rate of 28 breaths/min
Basilar crackles
The presence of adventitious breath sounds indicates that there is accumulation of
secretions in the lower airways. This would be consistent with a nursing diagnosis of
, Page 2 of 56
ineffective airway clearance because the patient is retaining secretions. The rapid
respiratory rate, low oxygen saturation, and presence of greenish sputum may occur
with a lower respiratory problem but do not definitely support the nursing diagnosis of
ineffective airway clearance.
The nurse is performing a respiratory assessment for a patient admitted with
pneumonia. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to find?
Hyperresonance on percussion
Vesicular breath sounds in all lobes
Increased vocal fremitus on palpation
Fine crackles in all lobes on auscultation
Increased vocal fremitus on palpation
A typical physical examination finding for a patient with pneumonia is increased
vocal fremitus on palpation. Other signs of pulmonary consolidation include bronchial
breath sounds, egophony, and crackles in the affected area. With pleural effusion,
there may be dullness to percussion over the affected area.
The nurse is caring for a patient with ineffective airway clearance. What is the
priority nursing action to assist this patient expectorate thick lung secretions?
Humidify the oxygen as able.
Administer cough suppressant q4hr.
Teach patient to splint the affected area.
Increase fluid intake to 3 L/day if tolerated.
Increase fluid intake to 3 L/day if tolerated.
Although several interventions may help the patient expectorate mucus, the highest
priority should be on increasing fluid intake, which will liquefy the secretions so that
the patient can expectorate them more easily. Humidifying the oxygen is also helpful
but is not the primary intervention. Teaching the patient to splint the affected area
may also be helpful in decreasing discomfort but does not assist in expectoration of
thick secretions.
, Page 3 of 56
During discharge teaching for an older adult patient with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia, which vaccine should the nurse
recommend that this patient receive?
Pneumococcal
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenzae
Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
Pneumococcal
The pneumococcal vaccine is important for patients with a history of heart or lung
disease, recovering from a severe illness, age 65 years or older, or living in a long-
term care facility. A Staphylococcus aureus vaccine has been researched but not yet
been effective. The Haemophilus influenzae vaccine would not be recommended as
adults do not need it unless they are immunocompromised. The BCG vaccine is for
infants in parts of the world where tuberculosis is prevalent.
The nurse evaluates that discharge teaching for a patient hospitalized with
pneumonia has been effective when the patient makes which statement about
measures to prevent a relapse?
"I will seek immediate medical treatment for any upper respiratory infections."
"I should continue to do deep breathing and coughing exercises for at least 12
weeks."
"I will increase my food intake to 2400 calories a day to keep my immune
system well."
"I must have a follow-up chest x-ray in 6 to 8 weeks to evaluate the
pneumonia's resolution."
"I must have a follow-up chest x-ray in 6 to 8 weeks to evaluate the pneumonia's
resolution."
The follow-up chest x-ray examination will be done in 6 to 8 weeks to evaluate
pneumonia resolution. A patient should seek medical treatment for upper respiratory
infections that persist for more than 7 days. It may be important for the patient to
, Page 4 of 56
continue with coughing and deep breathing exercises for 6 to 8 weeks, not 12
weeks, until all of the infection has cleared from the lungs. Increased fluid intake, not
caloric intake, is required to liquefy secretions.
After admitting a patient from home to the medical unit with a diagnosis of
pneumonia, which physician orders will the nurse verify have been completed
before administering a dose of cefuroxime to the patient?
Orthostatic blood pressures
Sputum culture and sensitivity
Pulmonary function evaluation
Serum laboratory studies ordered for AM
Sputum culture and sensitivity
The nurse should ensure that the sputum for culture and sensitivity was sent to the
laboratory before administering the cefuroxime because this is community-acquired
pneumonia. It is important that the organisms are correctly identified (by the culture)
before the antibiotic takes effect. The test will also determine whether the proper
antibiotic has been ordered (sensitivity testing). Although antibiotic administration
should not be unduly delayed while waiting for the patient to expectorate sputum,
orthostatic blood pressures, pulmonary function evaluation, and serum laboratory
tests will not be affected by the administration of antibiotics.
The nurse is caring for a patient with unilateral malignant lung disease. What
is the priority nursing action to enhance oxygenation in this patient?
Positioning patient on right side
Maintaining adequate fluid intake
Positioning patient with "good lung" down
Performing postural drainage every 4 hours
Positioning patient with "good lung" down
Therapeutic positioning identifies the best position for the patient, thus assuring
stable oxygenation status. Research indicates that positioning the patient with the
unaffected lung (good lung) dependent best promotes oxygenation in patients with
unilateral lung disease. For bilateral lung disease, the right lung down has best
“A&E I COMPREHENSIVE EXAM “ NEWEST UPDATED
EXAM 2025 – 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
VERIFIED 100% GRADED A+ (LATEST VERSION)
A plan of care for the patient with COPD could include (select all that apply)
a. exercise such as walking.
b. high flow rate of O2 administration.
c. low-dose chronic oral corticosteroid therapy.
d. use of peak flow meter to monitor the progression of COPD.
e. breathing exercises such as pursed-lip breathing that focus on exhalation.
a. exercise such as walking.
e. breathing exercises such as pursed-lip breathing that focus on exhalation.
The effects of cigarette smoking on the respiratory system include
a. hypertrophy of capillaries causing hemoptysis.
b. hyperplasia of goblet cells and increased production of mucus.
c. increased proliferation of cilia and decreased clearance of mucus.
d. proliferation of alveolar macrophages to decrease the risk for infection.
b. hyperplasia of goblet cells and increased production of mucus.
The nurse is performing a respiratory assessment. Which finding best
supports the nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance?
Basilar crackles
Oxygen saturation of 85%
Presence of greenish sputum
Respiratory rate of 28 breaths/min
Basilar crackles
The presence of adventitious breath sounds indicates that there is accumulation of
secretions in the lower airways. This would be consistent with a nursing diagnosis of
, Page 2 of 56
ineffective airway clearance because the patient is retaining secretions. The rapid
respiratory rate, low oxygen saturation, and presence of greenish sputum may occur
with a lower respiratory problem but do not definitely support the nursing diagnosis of
ineffective airway clearance.
The nurse is performing a respiratory assessment for a patient admitted with
pneumonia. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to find?
Hyperresonance on percussion
Vesicular breath sounds in all lobes
Increased vocal fremitus on palpation
Fine crackles in all lobes on auscultation
Increased vocal fremitus on palpation
A typical physical examination finding for a patient with pneumonia is increased
vocal fremitus on palpation. Other signs of pulmonary consolidation include bronchial
breath sounds, egophony, and crackles in the affected area. With pleural effusion,
there may be dullness to percussion over the affected area.
The nurse is caring for a patient with ineffective airway clearance. What is the
priority nursing action to assist this patient expectorate thick lung secretions?
Humidify the oxygen as able.
Administer cough suppressant q4hr.
Teach patient to splint the affected area.
Increase fluid intake to 3 L/day if tolerated.
Increase fluid intake to 3 L/day if tolerated.
Although several interventions may help the patient expectorate mucus, the highest
priority should be on increasing fluid intake, which will liquefy the secretions so that
the patient can expectorate them more easily. Humidifying the oxygen is also helpful
but is not the primary intervention. Teaching the patient to splint the affected area
may also be helpful in decreasing discomfort but does not assist in expectoration of
thick secretions.
, Page 3 of 56
During discharge teaching for an older adult patient with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia, which vaccine should the nurse
recommend that this patient receive?
Pneumococcal
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenzae
Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
Pneumococcal
The pneumococcal vaccine is important for patients with a history of heart or lung
disease, recovering from a severe illness, age 65 years or older, or living in a long-
term care facility. A Staphylococcus aureus vaccine has been researched but not yet
been effective. The Haemophilus influenzae vaccine would not be recommended as
adults do not need it unless they are immunocompromised. The BCG vaccine is for
infants in parts of the world where tuberculosis is prevalent.
The nurse evaluates that discharge teaching for a patient hospitalized with
pneumonia has been effective when the patient makes which statement about
measures to prevent a relapse?
"I will seek immediate medical treatment for any upper respiratory infections."
"I should continue to do deep breathing and coughing exercises for at least 12
weeks."
"I will increase my food intake to 2400 calories a day to keep my immune
system well."
"I must have a follow-up chest x-ray in 6 to 8 weeks to evaluate the
pneumonia's resolution."
"I must have a follow-up chest x-ray in 6 to 8 weeks to evaluate the pneumonia's
resolution."
The follow-up chest x-ray examination will be done in 6 to 8 weeks to evaluate
pneumonia resolution. A patient should seek medical treatment for upper respiratory
infections that persist for more than 7 days. It may be important for the patient to
, Page 4 of 56
continue with coughing and deep breathing exercises for 6 to 8 weeks, not 12
weeks, until all of the infection has cleared from the lungs. Increased fluid intake, not
caloric intake, is required to liquefy secretions.
After admitting a patient from home to the medical unit with a diagnosis of
pneumonia, which physician orders will the nurse verify have been completed
before administering a dose of cefuroxime to the patient?
Orthostatic blood pressures
Sputum culture and sensitivity
Pulmonary function evaluation
Serum laboratory studies ordered for AM
Sputum culture and sensitivity
The nurse should ensure that the sputum for culture and sensitivity was sent to the
laboratory before administering the cefuroxime because this is community-acquired
pneumonia. It is important that the organisms are correctly identified (by the culture)
before the antibiotic takes effect. The test will also determine whether the proper
antibiotic has been ordered (sensitivity testing). Although antibiotic administration
should not be unduly delayed while waiting for the patient to expectorate sputum,
orthostatic blood pressures, pulmonary function evaluation, and serum laboratory
tests will not be affected by the administration of antibiotics.
The nurse is caring for a patient with unilateral malignant lung disease. What
is the priority nursing action to enhance oxygenation in this patient?
Positioning patient on right side
Maintaining adequate fluid intake
Positioning patient with "good lung" down
Performing postural drainage every 4 hours
Positioning patient with "good lung" down
Therapeutic positioning identifies the best position for the patient, thus assuring
stable oxygenation status. Research indicates that positioning the patient with the
unaffected lung (good lung) dependent best promotes oxygenation in patients with
unilateral lung disease. For bilateral lung disease, the right lung down has best
