GNRS 515-ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-
EXAM 1 2026- 2027|ACTUAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS|A+GRADE
What organs are affected by coagulative necrosis that results from hypoxia
caused by severe ischemia or caused by chemical injury?
A. Lungs and pulmonary vessels
B. Brain and spinal cord
C. Kidneys and heart
D. Muscles and bones - - CORRECT ANS>>C. Kidneys and heart
What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Gangrene necrosis - - CORRECT ANS>>B. Liquefactive necrosis
What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?
A. Bacteriologic necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Gangrenous necrosis - - CORRECT ANS>>B. Caseous necrosis
What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Gangrene necrosis - - CORRECT ANS>>B. Liquefactive necrosis
,What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Hypoxic injury
B. Chemical injury
C. Infectious injury
D. Genetic injury - - CORRECT ANS>>A. Hypoxic injury
Which is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?
A. A programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
B. Characterized by swelling of the nucleus and cytoplasm
C. Has unpredictable patterns of cell death
D. Results in benign malignancies - - CORRECT ANS>>A. A programmed
cell death of scattered, single cells
All the following are characteristics of apoptosis as compared to necrosis
EXCEPT:
A. Starts by shrinkage of the cell
B. Functions to remove cells so new cells can replace them
C. Intracellular enzymes are released into the circulation
D. Not associated with surrounding inflammatory reaction - - CORRECT
ANS>>C. Intracellular enzymes are released into the circulation
A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumours of glandular or
squamous cell origin. What is the nurse describing?
A. Tumour in differentiation
B. Dysplastic
C. Cancer in situ
D. Cancer beyond (meta) situ - - CORRECT ANS>>C. Cancer in situ
A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the
following terms best describes this growth?
, A. Neoplasm
B. Lipoma
C. Meningioma
D. Hypertrophy - - CORRECT ANS>>A. Neoplasm
An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses differentiation. Which of
the following is the oncologist describing?
A. Autonomy
B. Anaplasia
C. Pleomorphic
D. Metastasis - - CORRECT ANS>>B. Anaplasia
A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and is looking for a
tumor marker. Which of the following could be a possible marker?
A. Red blood cells
B. Apoptotic cells
C. Enzymes
D. Neurotransmitters - - CORRECT ANS>>C. Enzymes
A 52-year-old male with hepatitis C recently developed hepatic cancer. Which
of the following markers should be increased?
A. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
B. Catecholamines
C. Prostate-specific antigen
D. Homovanillic acid - - CORRECT ANS>>A. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Which information should the nurse include when teaching about angiogenic
factors? In cancer, angiogenic factors stimulate:
A. Release of growth factors
B. Tumor regression
C. Apoptosis
EXAM 1 2026- 2027|ACTUAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS|A+GRADE
What organs are affected by coagulative necrosis that results from hypoxia
caused by severe ischemia or caused by chemical injury?
A. Lungs and pulmonary vessels
B. Brain and spinal cord
C. Kidneys and heart
D. Muscles and bones - - CORRECT ANS>>C. Kidneys and heart
What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Gangrene necrosis - - CORRECT ANS>>B. Liquefactive necrosis
What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?
A. Bacteriologic necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Gangrenous necrosis - - CORRECT ANS>>B. Caseous necrosis
What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Gangrene necrosis - - CORRECT ANS>>B. Liquefactive necrosis
,What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Hypoxic injury
B. Chemical injury
C. Infectious injury
D. Genetic injury - - CORRECT ANS>>A. Hypoxic injury
Which is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?
A. A programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
B. Characterized by swelling of the nucleus and cytoplasm
C. Has unpredictable patterns of cell death
D. Results in benign malignancies - - CORRECT ANS>>A. A programmed
cell death of scattered, single cells
All the following are characteristics of apoptosis as compared to necrosis
EXCEPT:
A. Starts by shrinkage of the cell
B. Functions to remove cells so new cells can replace them
C. Intracellular enzymes are released into the circulation
D. Not associated with surrounding inflammatory reaction - - CORRECT
ANS>>C. Intracellular enzymes are released into the circulation
A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumours of glandular or
squamous cell origin. What is the nurse describing?
A. Tumour in differentiation
B. Dysplastic
C. Cancer in situ
D. Cancer beyond (meta) situ - - CORRECT ANS>>C. Cancer in situ
A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the
following terms best describes this growth?
, A. Neoplasm
B. Lipoma
C. Meningioma
D. Hypertrophy - - CORRECT ANS>>A. Neoplasm
An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses differentiation. Which of
the following is the oncologist describing?
A. Autonomy
B. Anaplasia
C. Pleomorphic
D. Metastasis - - CORRECT ANS>>B. Anaplasia
A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and is looking for a
tumor marker. Which of the following could be a possible marker?
A. Red blood cells
B. Apoptotic cells
C. Enzymes
D. Neurotransmitters - - CORRECT ANS>>C. Enzymes
A 52-year-old male with hepatitis C recently developed hepatic cancer. Which
of the following markers should be increased?
A. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
B. Catecholamines
C. Prostate-specific antigen
D. Homovanillic acid - - CORRECT ANS>>A. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Which information should the nurse include when teaching about angiogenic
factors? In cancer, angiogenic factors stimulate:
A. Release of growth factors
B. Tumor regression
C. Apoptosis
