Psychology 101 Unit 1 Test | Latest study | Questions
and Answers | 2026 updates
Structuralism - ANSWER- The early thought promoted by Wundt and Michener; used
introspection to revel the structure of the human kind
Functionalism - ANSWER- Early thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin,
explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to
adapt, survive, and flourish.
Wundt - ANSWER- Father of psychology, first psychology lab, sensation and perception,
functionalism
James - ANSWER- Father of American psychology, wrote principles of psychology, studied
memory and emotion, functionalism
Calkins - ANSWER- First female president of the American Psychological Association and
became a distinguished memory researcher
Freud - ANSWER- Founder of psychoanalysis, brought attention to the study of
motivation, conflict, dreams, and a method of "free association"
Behaviorist movement - ANSWER- (thorndike, Pavlov, J.B. Watson, B.F. Skinner) The study
of observable behavior, stimulus-response learning, reinforcement theory
Humanist movement - ANSWER- (Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow) "Optimistic" view on
human nature, emphasized the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and
potential growth
Cognition - ANSWER- Study mental processes such as thinking, knowing, and
remembering, memory for nonsense syllables
Neuroscience Movement - ANSWER- Involves the study of the brain and its direct
influence on behavior
Modern definition of psychology - ANSWER- The science of behavior and mental
processes
Counseling psychology - ANSWER- Assists people with problems in living
Clinical psychology - ANSWER- Studies and treats people with problems in living
, Psychiatry - ANSWER- Bench of medicine dealing with disorders
Community psychology - ANSWER- Studies how people interact with their social
environment and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
Hindsight bias and over confidence - ANSWER- We believe we know more then we
actually do which affects the scientific perspective
Theory - ANSWER- Explanation using integrated set of principles that organizes prior
observations and predicts future events or behaviors
Hypothesis - ANSWER- Testable prediction generated from a larger theoretical
understanding of a relationship between 2 or more variables
3 types of neurons - ANSWER- Sensory, motor, and interneurons
dendrites - ANSWER- Receive messages from other cells
Terminal branches of axon - ANSWER- Form junctions with other cells
axon - ANSWER- Passes messages from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, and
other glands
Cell body - ANSWER- The cell's life-support center
Neural impulse - ANSWER- Action potential-electrical signal traveling down the axon
Myelin sheath - ANSWER- covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed the neural
impulses
Resting potential - ANSWER- A neuron's stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive
Action potential - ANSWER- A brief shift in a neuron's electrical charge that travels along
an axon
Refractory period - ANSWER- minimum length of time following an AP during which
another AP cannot begin
Synapse - ANSWER- Junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the
dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
Acetylcholine - ANSWER- Enables muscle action, learning, and memory
Dopamine - ANSWER- Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
and Answers | 2026 updates
Structuralism - ANSWER- The early thought promoted by Wundt and Michener; used
introspection to revel the structure of the human kind
Functionalism - ANSWER- Early thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin,
explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to
adapt, survive, and flourish.
Wundt - ANSWER- Father of psychology, first psychology lab, sensation and perception,
functionalism
James - ANSWER- Father of American psychology, wrote principles of psychology, studied
memory and emotion, functionalism
Calkins - ANSWER- First female president of the American Psychological Association and
became a distinguished memory researcher
Freud - ANSWER- Founder of psychoanalysis, brought attention to the study of
motivation, conflict, dreams, and a method of "free association"
Behaviorist movement - ANSWER- (thorndike, Pavlov, J.B. Watson, B.F. Skinner) The study
of observable behavior, stimulus-response learning, reinforcement theory
Humanist movement - ANSWER- (Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow) "Optimistic" view on
human nature, emphasized the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and
potential growth
Cognition - ANSWER- Study mental processes such as thinking, knowing, and
remembering, memory for nonsense syllables
Neuroscience Movement - ANSWER- Involves the study of the brain and its direct
influence on behavior
Modern definition of psychology - ANSWER- The science of behavior and mental
processes
Counseling psychology - ANSWER- Assists people with problems in living
Clinical psychology - ANSWER- Studies and treats people with problems in living
, Psychiatry - ANSWER- Bench of medicine dealing with disorders
Community psychology - ANSWER- Studies how people interact with their social
environment and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
Hindsight bias and over confidence - ANSWER- We believe we know more then we
actually do which affects the scientific perspective
Theory - ANSWER- Explanation using integrated set of principles that organizes prior
observations and predicts future events or behaviors
Hypothesis - ANSWER- Testable prediction generated from a larger theoretical
understanding of a relationship between 2 or more variables
3 types of neurons - ANSWER- Sensory, motor, and interneurons
dendrites - ANSWER- Receive messages from other cells
Terminal branches of axon - ANSWER- Form junctions with other cells
axon - ANSWER- Passes messages from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, and
other glands
Cell body - ANSWER- The cell's life-support center
Neural impulse - ANSWER- Action potential-electrical signal traveling down the axon
Myelin sheath - ANSWER- covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed the neural
impulses
Resting potential - ANSWER- A neuron's stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive
Action potential - ANSWER- A brief shift in a neuron's electrical charge that travels along
an axon
Refractory period - ANSWER- minimum length of time following an AP during which
another AP cannot begin
Synapse - ANSWER- Junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the
dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
Acetylcholine - ANSWER- Enables muscle action, learning, and memory
Dopamine - ANSWER- Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
