Page |1
NURS 344 Module 1 Concepts Questions
and Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
Inductive
Ans: bottom-up reasoning (observations → patterns →
conclusions → theory)
Deductive
Ans: top-down reasoning (theory → hypothesis → observation
→ confirmation)
Abductive
Ans: best-fit reasoning (creative inference; forming the most
plausible explanation)
NATURALISM / CONSTRUCTIVISM
Ans: multiple realities; subjectivity is valued; context is
emphasized; researcher is an active participant; aim is to
describe, understand, interpret; qualitative methods.
POST-POSITIVISM
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
Ans: one reality exists (imperfectly knowable); objectivity is
the goal; quantitative methods; researcher attempts neutrality;
aim is to describe, explain, predict, control.
Positivism
Ans: strict objectivity; cause-and-effect focus; reality is fully
measurable; emphasis on experiment/control.
Transformative / Participatory paradigm
Ans: focuses on social justice; community involvement; aims to
challenge oppression; methods chosen to empower
participants.
Pragmatism
Ans: knowledge is what works; methods chosen based on
usefulness; strong foundation for mixed methods.
Indigenous worldview (four foundations)
Ans: Indigenous community (land/place); Indigenous
epistemology (ways of knowing); Indigenous ethics
(values/relationships); experiencing self in relationship.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
NURS 344 Module 1 Concepts Questions
and Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
Inductive
Ans: bottom-up reasoning (observations → patterns →
conclusions → theory)
Deductive
Ans: top-down reasoning (theory → hypothesis → observation
→ confirmation)
Abductive
Ans: best-fit reasoning (creative inference; forming the most
plausible explanation)
NATURALISM / CONSTRUCTIVISM
Ans: multiple realities; subjectivity is valued; context is
emphasized; researcher is an active participant; aim is to
describe, understand, interpret; qualitative methods.
POST-POSITIVISM
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
Ans: one reality exists (imperfectly knowable); objectivity is
the goal; quantitative methods; researcher attempts neutrality;
aim is to describe, explain, predict, control.
Positivism
Ans: strict objectivity; cause-and-effect focus; reality is fully
measurable; emphasis on experiment/control.
Transformative / Participatory paradigm
Ans: focuses on social justice; community involvement; aims to
challenge oppression; methods chosen to empower
participants.
Pragmatism
Ans: knowledge is what works; methods chosen based on
usefulness; strong foundation for mixed methods.
Indigenous worldview (four foundations)
Ans: Indigenous community (land/place); Indigenous
epistemology (ways of knowing); Indigenous ethics
(values/relationships); experiencing self in relationship.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
