CCS Certified Clinical Supervisor
ACTUAL EXAM 2026/2027: 100%
Verified Questions & Correct
Answers
Section 1: Supervision Models and Methodologies
Question 1
A clinical supervisor is working with a new supervisee who is struggling with
countertransference issues. The supervisor employs a model that emphasizes the
developmental stage of the supervisee, collaborative goal-setting, and attention to the
supervisory relationship as a vehicle for learning. Which supervision model is being utilized?
A. The Discrimination Model focused on intervention skills, conceptualization, and
personalization
B. The Integrated Developmental Model (IDM) emphasizing supervisee autonomy and
self-awareness across developmental levels
C. The Psychodynamic Model emphasizing unconscious processes and interpretation
D. The Cognitive-Behavioral Supervision Model focused on skill acquisition and homework
assignments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Integrated Developmental Model (IDM) by Stoltenberg and McNeill specifically
addresses supervisee developmental stages, promotes autonomy through collaborative
processes, and utilizes the supervisory relationship as a primary learning tool. This model is
widely recognized in clinical supervision literature and aligns with NAADAC's emphasis on
developmental approaches.
Question 2
A supervisor is evaluating a supervisee's counseling session recordings using Bernard's
Discrimination Model. The supervisor focuses on the supervisee's ability to select
,appropriate interventions, understand client dynamics, and manage personal reactions. Which
three foci of the Discrimination Model are being assessed?
A. Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning
B. Intervention, conceptualization, and personalization
C. Rapport building, termination, and referral
D. Ethics, cultural competence, and documentation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bernard's Discrimination Model identifies three primary foci for supervision:
intervention (what the counselor is doing), conceptualization (how the counselor understands
the client), and personalization (how the counselor manages self in the therapeutic
relationship). These three areas provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating
counselor performance.
Question 3
A clinical supervisor implements a structured approach where supervisees rotate through
direct observation, review of recorded sessions, and case presentation formats. This variety
of methods is characteristic of which supervision approach?
A. The Single-Method Model emphasizing consistency in supervision format
B. The Multimodal Supervision Model incorporating diverse learning methods
C. The Peer Supervision Model eliminating hierarchical relationships
D. The Administrative Supervision Model focused solely on compliance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Multimodal supervision intentionally incorporates various methods (direct
observation, audio/video review, case consultation, live supervision) to address different
learning styles and developmental needs. This approach is consistent with best practices
outlined in clinical supervision standards.
Question 4
A supervisor working from a systems perspective views the supervisee's difficulties with a
client as potentially related to family-of-origin patterns and organizational dynamics. This
approach is most consistent with which supervision model?
A. The Person-Centered Supervision Model
B. The Systems-Centered Supervision Model
,C. The Solution-Focused Supervision Model
D. The Evidence-Based Practice Supervision Model
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Systems-Centered Supervision Model, developed by Agazarian, examines
individual behavior within the context of larger systems (family, organization, cultural). It
emphasizes understanding how systemic dynamics influence clinical work and supervisory
relationships.
Question 5
A supervisor employs the "Reflective Practitioner" model, encouraging supervisees to engage
in self-reflection about their clinical decisions and emotional responses. This approach
emphasizes which core component?
A. Technical skill acquisition through behavioral rehearsal
B. Critical self-awareness and professional identity development
C. Adherence to manualized treatment protocols
D. Administrative compliance and documentation standards
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Reflective Practitioner model, based on Schön's work, emphasizes critical
self-reflection on practice, examination of assumptions, and integration of personal and
professional identity. This model supports deep learning and ethical decision-making in
clinical practice.
Question 6
A supervisor is using the Hawkins and Shohet "Seven-Eyed Model" of supervision. When the
supervisor focuses on the "client's process and experience" as viewed through the
supervisee's report, which mode of the model is being utilized?
A. Mode 1: Focusing on the client and their context
B. Mode 3: Focusing on the therapeutic relationship between client and supervisee
C. Mode 5: Focusing on the supervisory relationship
D. Mode 7: Focusing on the wider context
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Seven-Eyed Model's Mode 1 specifically focuses on the client's presentation,
history, and experience as reported by the supervisee. This mode establishes the foundation
, for understanding the clinical material before examining other relational and systemic
dimensions.
Question 7
A clinical supervisor adopts a "consultative supervision" stance, positioning themselves as a
consultant rather than an authority figure. This approach is most characteristic of which
supervision orientation?
A. The Hierarchical Supervision Model
B. The Collaborative/Consultative Supervision Model
C. The Prescriptive Supervision Model
D. The Evaluative Supervision Model
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Collaborative/Consultative Supervision Model emphasizes partnership, mutual
respect, and shared expertise between supervisor and supervisee. This approach is
particularly effective with advanced supervisees and aligns with contemporary emphasis on
supervisee autonomy and empowerment.
Question 8
A supervisor employs the "Parallel Process" concept when they notice that the dynamics
between supervisee and client are being replicated in the supervisory relationship. This
concept originates from which theoretical tradition?
A. Cognitive-behavioral theory
B. Psychodynamic and psychoanalytic theory
C. Humanistic and person-centered theory
D. Behavioral and social learning theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The concept of parallel process originates from psychodynamic theory, where
unconscious dynamics from the therapeutic relationship are unconsciously reenacted in the
supervisory relationship. Understanding parallel process provides valuable diagnostic
information about the client-counselor relationship.
Question 9
ACTUAL EXAM 2026/2027: 100%
Verified Questions & Correct
Answers
Section 1: Supervision Models and Methodologies
Question 1
A clinical supervisor is working with a new supervisee who is struggling with
countertransference issues. The supervisor employs a model that emphasizes the
developmental stage of the supervisee, collaborative goal-setting, and attention to the
supervisory relationship as a vehicle for learning. Which supervision model is being utilized?
A. The Discrimination Model focused on intervention skills, conceptualization, and
personalization
B. The Integrated Developmental Model (IDM) emphasizing supervisee autonomy and
self-awareness across developmental levels
C. The Psychodynamic Model emphasizing unconscious processes and interpretation
D. The Cognitive-Behavioral Supervision Model focused on skill acquisition and homework
assignments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Integrated Developmental Model (IDM) by Stoltenberg and McNeill specifically
addresses supervisee developmental stages, promotes autonomy through collaborative
processes, and utilizes the supervisory relationship as a primary learning tool. This model is
widely recognized in clinical supervision literature and aligns with NAADAC's emphasis on
developmental approaches.
Question 2
A supervisor is evaluating a supervisee's counseling session recordings using Bernard's
Discrimination Model. The supervisor focuses on the supervisee's ability to select
,appropriate interventions, understand client dynamics, and manage personal reactions. Which
three foci of the Discrimination Model are being assessed?
A. Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning
B. Intervention, conceptualization, and personalization
C. Rapport building, termination, and referral
D. Ethics, cultural competence, and documentation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bernard's Discrimination Model identifies three primary foci for supervision:
intervention (what the counselor is doing), conceptualization (how the counselor understands
the client), and personalization (how the counselor manages self in the therapeutic
relationship). These three areas provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating
counselor performance.
Question 3
A clinical supervisor implements a structured approach where supervisees rotate through
direct observation, review of recorded sessions, and case presentation formats. This variety
of methods is characteristic of which supervision approach?
A. The Single-Method Model emphasizing consistency in supervision format
B. The Multimodal Supervision Model incorporating diverse learning methods
C. The Peer Supervision Model eliminating hierarchical relationships
D. The Administrative Supervision Model focused solely on compliance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Multimodal supervision intentionally incorporates various methods (direct
observation, audio/video review, case consultation, live supervision) to address different
learning styles and developmental needs. This approach is consistent with best practices
outlined in clinical supervision standards.
Question 4
A supervisor working from a systems perspective views the supervisee's difficulties with a
client as potentially related to family-of-origin patterns and organizational dynamics. This
approach is most consistent with which supervision model?
A. The Person-Centered Supervision Model
B. The Systems-Centered Supervision Model
,C. The Solution-Focused Supervision Model
D. The Evidence-Based Practice Supervision Model
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Systems-Centered Supervision Model, developed by Agazarian, examines
individual behavior within the context of larger systems (family, organization, cultural). It
emphasizes understanding how systemic dynamics influence clinical work and supervisory
relationships.
Question 5
A supervisor employs the "Reflective Practitioner" model, encouraging supervisees to engage
in self-reflection about their clinical decisions and emotional responses. This approach
emphasizes which core component?
A. Technical skill acquisition through behavioral rehearsal
B. Critical self-awareness and professional identity development
C. Adherence to manualized treatment protocols
D. Administrative compliance and documentation standards
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Reflective Practitioner model, based on Schön's work, emphasizes critical
self-reflection on practice, examination of assumptions, and integration of personal and
professional identity. This model supports deep learning and ethical decision-making in
clinical practice.
Question 6
A supervisor is using the Hawkins and Shohet "Seven-Eyed Model" of supervision. When the
supervisor focuses on the "client's process and experience" as viewed through the
supervisee's report, which mode of the model is being utilized?
A. Mode 1: Focusing on the client and their context
B. Mode 3: Focusing on the therapeutic relationship between client and supervisee
C. Mode 5: Focusing on the supervisory relationship
D. Mode 7: Focusing on the wider context
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Seven-Eyed Model's Mode 1 specifically focuses on the client's presentation,
history, and experience as reported by the supervisee. This mode establishes the foundation
, for understanding the clinical material before examining other relational and systemic
dimensions.
Question 7
A clinical supervisor adopts a "consultative supervision" stance, positioning themselves as a
consultant rather than an authority figure. This approach is most characteristic of which
supervision orientation?
A. The Hierarchical Supervision Model
B. The Collaborative/Consultative Supervision Model
C. The Prescriptive Supervision Model
D. The Evaluative Supervision Model
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Collaborative/Consultative Supervision Model emphasizes partnership, mutual
respect, and shared expertise between supervisor and supervisee. This approach is
particularly effective with advanced supervisees and aligns with contemporary emphasis on
supervisee autonomy and empowerment.
Question 8
A supervisor employs the "Parallel Process" concept when they notice that the dynamics
between supervisee and client are being replicated in the supervisory relationship. This
concept originates from which theoretical tradition?
A. Cognitive-behavioral theory
B. Psychodynamic and psychoanalytic theory
C. Humanistic and person-centered theory
D. Behavioral and social learning theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The concept of parallel process originates from psychodynamic theory, where
unconscious dynamics from the therapeutic relationship are unconsciously reenacted in the
supervisory relationship. Understanding parallel process provides valuable diagnostic
information about the client-counselor relationship.
Question 9
