NUR 641E EXAM SCRIPT EXAM Q&A
SOLVED QUESTIONS 2026 100%
CORRECT.
◍ Distribution.Answer:Reversibly or irreversibly move from
bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular fluid
◍ Metabolism.Answer:Biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by
other tissues
◍ Elimination.Answer:Lastly, the drug and its metabolites are
eliminated from the body
◍ IV.Answer:-highest bioavailability
-bypasses absorption
-*avoids first pass in the liver*
◍ rectal.Answer:-erratic and variable absorption
◍ 4-5.Answer:SS achieved in _-_ half lives
◍ Half-life.Answer:-how long it takes for drug to be excreted from
the body
,-determines frequency of administration
-predicts how long toxic effects can last
◍ first-order (linear) pharmacokinetics.Answer:metabolism is directly
proportional to the free concentration of the drug
◍ zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics.Answer:drug is
metabolized at a constant rate per unit of time
◍ CYP3A4 substrates.Answer:may have decreased activity if any
CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it
◍ Discovery.Answer:laboratory research to develop the new drug
◍ Preclinical research.Answer:animal testing for safety
◍ Phase I.Answer:clinical research on healthy human subjects to
assess medication PK
◍ Phase II.Answer:clinical research in humans primarily for
medication safety usually in a population for which the treatment is
intended
◍ Phase III.Answer:clinical research in humans comparing the new
drug to accepted medications or placebo for efficacy and safety
,◍ Phase IV.Answer:post marketing surveillance. Reporting of adverse
effects not identified in earlier clinical studies
◍ medication safety organizations.Answer:-ISMP
-IOM
-Joint Commission
-NCC MERP
-FDA Safe Use Initiative
◍ pharmacological ADR.Answer:-80-90% of ADRs
-an extension of the pharmacological affect of the drug
-ex. overdose
◍ idiosyncratic ADR.Answer:-separate from the pharmacological
affect of the drug
-commonly immune mediated response
◍ does not.Answer:the FDA does/does not mandate that ADRs be
reported
◍ Polypharmacy.Answer:involves using multiple health care
providers for care, using multiple medications, and using several
pharmacies for prescription filling
, ◍ ACEI.Answer:-Lisinopril, captopril, enalopil, ramipril, benazepril,
fosinopril
-suppress the release of ACE
◍ ACEI (side effects).Answer:-cough
-angioedema
-discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occurs
◍ ARBs.Answer:-block angiotensin II receptors
◍ primary hypertension.Answer:-denotes high blood pressure from
an unidentified cause; also called essential hypertension
-90% of cases
◍ secondary hypertension.Answer:-high blood pressure caused by the
effects of another disease
-example: chronic renal failure
◍ Nitroglycerin.Answer:-IV/SL/topical/transdermal
-contraindicated with PDE-5 inhibitors
◍ nitrates (contraindications).Answer:sildenafil, verdenafil
◍ amiodarone.Answer:-antiarrhythmic of choice with coexisting
heart failure
SOLVED QUESTIONS 2026 100%
CORRECT.
◍ Distribution.Answer:Reversibly or irreversibly move from
bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular fluid
◍ Metabolism.Answer:Biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by
other tissues
◍ Elimination.Answer:Lastly, the drug and its metabolites are
eliminated from the body
◍ IV.Answer:-highest bioavailability
-bypasses absorption
-*avoids first pass in the liver*
◍ rectal.Answer:-erratic and variable absorption
◍ 4-5.Answer:SS achieved in _-_ half lives
◍ Half-life.Answer:-how long it takes for drug to be excreted from
the body
,-determines frequency of administration
-predicts how long toxic effects can last
◍ first-order (linear) pharmacokinetics.Answer:metabolism is directly
proportional to the free concentration of the drug
◍ zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics.Answer:drug is
metabolized at a constant rate per unit of time
◍ CYP3A4 substrates.Answer:may have decreased activity if any
CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it
◍ Discovery.Answer:laboratory research to develop the new drug
◍ Preclinical research.Answer:animal testing for safety
◍ Phase I.Answer:clinical research on healthy human subjects to
assess medication PK
◍ Phase II.Answer:clinical research in humans primarily for
medication safety usually in a population for which the treatment is
intended
◍ Phase III.Answer:clinical research in humans comparing the new
drug to accepted medications or placebo for efficacy and safety
,◍ Phase IV.Answer:post marketing surveillance. Reporting of adverse
effects not identified in earlier clinical studies
◍ medication safety organizations.Answer:-ISMP
-IOM
-Joint Commission
-NCC MERP
-FDA Safe Use Initiative
◍ pharmacological ADR.Answer:-80-90% of ADRs
-an extension of the pharmacological affect of the drug
-ex. overdose
◍ idiosyncratic ADR.Answer:-separate from the pharmacological
affect of the drug
-commonly immune mediated response
◍ does not.Answer:the FDA does/does not mandate that ADRs be
reported
◍ Polypharmacy.Answer:involves using multiple health care
providers for care, using multiple medications, and using several
pharmacies for prescription filling
, ◍ ACEI.Answer:-Lisinopril, captopril, enalopil, ramipril, benazepril,
fosinopril
-suppress the release of ACE
◍ ACEI (side effects).Answer:-cough
-angioedema
-discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occurs
◍ ARBs.Answer:-block angiotensin II receptors
◍ primary hypertension.Answer:-denotes high blood pressure from
an unidentified cause; also called essential hypertension
-90% of cases
◍ secondary hypertension.Answer:-high blood pressure caused by the
effects of another disease
-example: chronic renal failure
◍ Nitroglycerin.Answer:-IV/SL/topical/transdermal
-contraindicated with PDE-5 inhibitors
◍ nitrates (contraindications).Answer:sildenafil, verdenafil
◍ amiodarone.Answer:-antiarrhythmic of choice with coexisting
heart failure
