PSYC 217 MIDTERM 1 EXAM WITH bb bb bb bb bb
COMPLETE ANSWERS RATED A+
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Explain nwhy nrandom nassignment nto ncondition neliminates nsome nalternative
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nexplanations nin nexperimental ndesign n- n ncorrect nanswer-allows nthe nresearcher
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nto nbalance nout nthe ninfluence nof nmany nvariables nexcept nthe nIV non naverage.
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nIs nmore neffective nas nthe nnumber nof nparticipants nincreases
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Compare noperational ndefinitions nbased non ncharacteristics nsuch nas nstrength
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nand npracticality n- n ncorrect nanswer-- nself-report: nasking nparticipants nquestions
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n(straight nforward nmanipulation)
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- nphysiological: nmeasuring nbiological nactivity
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- nbehavioral: ntask nperformance n(straight nforward nmanipulation)
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Summarize nthe npurpose nof na nmanipulation ncheck n- n ncorrect nanswer--
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nmanipulation nchecks nare nused nto nattempt nto ndirectly nmeasure nwhether nthe
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nindependent nvariable nmanipulation ninduced nthe nintended npsychological nstate
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namong nparticipants
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- ncan nprovide nevidence nfor nthe nconstrict nvalidity nof nthe nmanipulation
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- nadvantages: nif nused nin npilot nstudy nit ncan nreveal nwhether nthe nmanipulation nis
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neffective. nif nthe nresults nshow nno neffect nof nthe nindependent nvariable non nthe
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ndependent nvariable nthen nyou nknow nthe nresults nweren't ndue nto na nproblem
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nwith nthe nmanipulation
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Identify nand nexplain nhow nexperimenter nbias ncan noccur nin nexperiments,
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nincluding nat nleast nthree nways na nresearcher ncan naddress nor navoid nthem n- n
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ncorrect nanswer-- nexperimenter nbias noccurs nwhen nthe nresearcher nknows nthe
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nconditions nthe nparticipants nare nin. nexperimenter nmay nunconsciously,
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nunintentionally ninfluence nthe nexperiment nto nfind nthe nexpected neffect
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, - ndouble nblind nexperiment n(both ndon't nknow ncondition)
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- nrun neveryone nin nall nconditions nsimultaneously nso nexperimenter nbehavior nis
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nsame nfor neveryone
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- ndesign ncomputer nprograms nto nadminister nindependent nvariable nand nrecord
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nresponses
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Identify nand nexplain nhow ndemand ncharacteristics ncan noccur nin nexperiments,
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nincluding nat nleast nthree nways na nresearcher ncan naddress nor navoid nthem n- n
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ncorrect nanswer-- nany nfeature nof nan nexperiment nthat nmight ninform nparticipants
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nof nthe nstudy's npurpose nin na nway nthat ninfluence nbehavior. nmay ntry nto nhelp nor
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nhurt nthe nexperiment
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- ndeception
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- nfiller nitems
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- nask nparticipants nwhat nthey nthink nthe npurpose nof nthe nresearch nis nto nsee nif
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ndemand ncharacteristics nare na nproblem n(those nwhy nguess nright nmay nhave
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ndata nanalyzed nseparately)
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- nplacebo neffect
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Identify na nconfounding nvariable nand nexplain nhow nit nthreatens ninternal nvalidity n-
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n ncorrect nanswer-- na nnuisance nvariable nthat nco-varies nalong nwith nthe
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nmanipulation nof nthe nIV nor nmeasurement nof nDV
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- nvariables nintertwined nwith nanother nvariable nso nthat nyou ncannot ndetermine
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nwhich nof nthe nvariables nis noperating nin na ngiven nsituation
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- noccur nwhen noperation ndefinition nis nimprecise
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- nex. ndefining nintelligence nby nacademic naverage
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Explain nthe nprinciple nof nparsimony n- n ncorrect nanswer-- nsimpler ntheories nare
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nbetter nthan nmore ncomplex ntheories nthat ncan nexplain nthe nsame nphenomenon
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nbecause nit nis nthe neasiest nto nfalsify
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- nexplain nas nmany nobservations nas npossible nwith nas nsuccinct na ntheory nor
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nexplanation nas npossible
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Distinguish nbetween nmore nand nless nparsimonious ntheories, nhypotheses, bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
nconclusions n- n ncorrect nanswer-
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Explain nwhat nis nmeant nby nthe nstrength nof nan nIV n(manipulation nstrength) nand
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nthe nsensitivity nof na nDV, nand nhow nthey nimpact nresearch ndesign n- n ncorrect
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nanswer-- nhow nbig nis nthe neffect
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- nstronger nmanipulations nhave nthe npotential nfor nlarger neffects non nthe
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ndependent nvariable nthan nweaker nones
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Explain nwhat nis nmeant nby nthe nsensitivity nof na nDV, nand nhow nthey nimpact
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nresearch ndesign n- n ncorrect nanswer-- nthe nDV nshould nbe nsensitive nenough nto
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ndetect nresulting ndifferences nbetween ngroups
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- nceiling neffect: nthe nIV nmight nappear nto nhave nno neffect non nthe nDV nmeasure
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nonly nbecause nparticipants nquickly nreached nthe nmaximum nperformance nlevel
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n(eg. ntask ntoo neasy)
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- nfloor neffect: nthe ntask nis nso nhard nthat nhardly nanyone ncan nperform nwell
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COMPLETE ANSWERS RATED A+
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Explain nwhy nrandom nassignment nto ncondition neliminates nsome nalternative
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
nexplanations nin nexperimental ndesign n- n ncorrect nanswer-allows nthe nresearcher
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
nto nbalance nout nthe ninfluence nof nmany nvariables nexcept nthe nIV non naverage.
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nIs nmore neffective nas nthe nnumber nof nparticipants nincreases
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Compare noperational ndefinitions nbased non ncharacteristics nsuch nas nstrength
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nand npracticality n- n ncorrect nanswer-- nself-report: nasking nparticipants nquestions
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n(straight nforward nmanipulation)
bb bb bb
- nphysiological: nmeasuring nbiological nactivity
bb bb bb bb
- nbehavioral: ntask nperformance n(straight nforward nmanipulation)
bb bb bb bb bb bb
Summarize nthe npurpose nof na nmanipulation ncheck n- n ncorrect nanswer--
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nmanipulation nchecks nare nused nto nattempt nto ndirectly nmeasure nwhether nthe
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
nindependent nvariable nmanipulation ninduced nthe nintended npsychological nstate
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
namong nparticipants
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- ncan nprovide nevidence nfor nthe nconstrict nvalidity nof nthe nmanipulation
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- nadvantages: nif nused nin npilot nstudy nit ncan nreveal nwhether nthe nmanipulation nis
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neffective. nif nthe nresults nshow nno neffect nof nthe nindependent nvariable non nthe
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ndependent nvariable nthen nyou nknow nthe nresults nweren't ndue nto na nproblem
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nwith nthe nmanipulation
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Identify nand nexplain nhow nexperimenter nbias ncan noccur nin nexperiments,
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nincluding nat nleast nthree nways na nresearcher ncan naddress nor navoid nthem n- n
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ncorrect nanswer-- nexperimenter nbias noccurs nwhen nthe nresearcher nknows nthe
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nconditions nthe nparticipants nare nin. nexperimenter nmay nunconsciously,
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nunintentionally ninfluence nthe nexperiment nto nfind nthe nexpected neffect
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, - ndouble nblind nexperiment n(both ndon't nknow ncondition)
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- nrun neveryone nin nall nconditions nsimultaneously nso nexperimenter nbehavior nis
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nsame nfor neveryone
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- ndesign ncomputer nprograms nto nadminister nindependent nvariable nand nrecord
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nresponses
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Identify nand nexplain nhow ndemand ncharacteristics ncan noccur nin nexperiments,
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nincluding nat nleast nthree nways na nresearcher ncan naddress nor navoid nthem n- n
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ncorrect nanswer-- nany nfeature nof nan nexperiment nthat nmight ninform nparticipants
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nof nthe nstudy's npurpose nin na nway nthat ninfluence nbehavior. nmay ntry nto nhelp nor
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nhurt nthe nexperiment
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- ndeception
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- nfiller nitems
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- nask nparticipants nwhat nthey nthink nthe npurpose nof nthe nresearch nis nto nsee nif
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
ndemand ncharacteristics nare na nproblem n(those nwhy nguess nright nmay nhave
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ndata nanalyzed nseparately)
bb bb bb
- nplacebo neffect
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Identify na nconfounding nvariable nand nexplain nhow nit nthreatens ninternal nvalidity n-
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
n ncorrect nanswer-- na nnuisance nvariable nthat nco-varies nalong nwith nthe
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
nmanipulation nof nthe nIV nor nmeasurement nof nDV
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
- nvariables nintertwined nwith nanother nvariable nso nthat nyou ncannot ndetermine
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
nwhich nof nthe nvariables nis noperating nin na ngiven nsituation
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- noccur nwhen noperation ndefinition nis nimprecise
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- nex. ndefining nintelligence nby nacademic naverage
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Explain nthe nprinciple nof nparsimony n- n ncorrect nanswer-- nsimpler ntheories nare
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nbetter nthan nmore ncomplex ntheories nthat ncan nexplain nthe nsame nphenomenon
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nbecause nit nis nthe neasiest nto nfalsify
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- nexplain nas nmany nobservations nas npossible nwith nas nsuccinct na ntheory nor
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
nexplanation nas npossible
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Distinguish nbetween nmore nand nless nparsimonious ntheories, nhypotheses, bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
nconclusions n- n ncorrect nanswer-
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Explain nwhat nis nmeant nby nthe nstrength nof nan nIV n(manipulation nstrength) nand
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nthe nsensitivity nof na nDV, nand nhow nthey nimpact nresearch ndesign n- n ncorrect
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nanswer-- nhow nbig nis nthe neffect
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- nstronger nmanipulations nhave nthe npotential nfor nlarger neffects non nthe
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ndependent nvariable nthan nweaker nones
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Explain nwhat nis nmeant nby nthe nsensitivity nof na nDV, nand nhow nthey nimpact
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
nresearch ndesign n- n ncorrect nanswer-- nthe nDV nshould nbe nsensitive nenough nto
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
ndetect nresulting ndifferences nbetween ngroups
bb bb bb bb bb
- nceiling neffect: nthe nIV nmight nappear nto nhave nno neffect non nthe nDV nmeasure
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nonly nbecause nparticipants nquickly nreached nthe nmaximum nperformance nlevel
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n(eg. ntask ntoo neasy)
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- nfloor neffect: nthe ntask nis nso nhard nthat nhardly nanyone ncan nperform nwell
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