Medical Surgical Nursing Question Bank with Verified Answers 2026.docx

Medical Surgical
Nursing Question Bank
with Verified Answers
2026

,Exam 1 - correct answerfluid and electrolyres
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acid base k




thermoregulation



Chapter 17: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances - correct answer---
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1. The nurse obtains all of the following assessment data about a patient with deficient fluid volume caused by
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a massive burn injury. Which of the following assessment data will be of greatest concern?
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a.



The blood pressure is 90/40 mm Hg.
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b.



Urine output is 30 ml over the last hour.
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c.



Oral fluid intake is 100 ml for the last 8 hours.
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d.



There is prolonged skin tenting over the sternum. - correct answerThe blood pressure is 90/40 mm Hg.
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Rationale: The blood pressure indicates that the patient may be developing hypovolemic shock as a result of
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fluid loss. This will require immediate intervention to prevent the complications associated with systemic
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hypoperfusion. The poor oral intake, decreased urine output, and skin tenting all indicate the need for
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increasing the patients fluid intake but not as urgently as the hypotension.
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,2. A recently admitted patient has a small cell carcinoma of the lung, which is causing the syndrome of
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inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse will monitor carefully for
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a.



increased total urinary output. k k k




b.



elevation of serum hematocrit. k k k




c.



decreased serum sodium level. k k k




d.



rapid and unexpected weight loss. - correct answerdecreased serum sodium level.
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Rationale: SIADH causes water retention and a decrease in serum sodium level. Weight loss, increased urine
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output, and elevated serum hematocrit may be associated with excessive loss of water, but not with SIADH
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and water retention.
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3. When the nurse is evaluating the fluid balance for a patient admitted for hypovolemia associated with
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multiple draining wounds, the most accurate assessment to include is
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a.



skin turgor. k

, b.



daily weight.k




c.



presence of edema. k k




d.



hourly urine output. - correct answerdaily weight.
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Rationale: Daily weight is the most easily obtained and accurate means of assessing volume status. Skin turgor
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varies considerably with age. Considerable excess fluid volume may be present before fluid moves into the
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interstitial space and causes edema. Hourly urine outputs do not take account of fluid intake or of fluid loss
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through insensible loss, sweating, or loss from the gastrointestinal tract or wounds.
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4. When caring for an alert and oriented elderly patient with a history of dehydration, the home health nurse
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will teach the patient to increase fluid intake
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a.



in the late evening hours.
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b.



if the oral mucosa feels dry.
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c.