NSG 5140 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM / NSG 5140 EXAM /
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NSG 5140 ACTUAL FINAL EXAM
2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) CURRENTLY UPDATED VERSION
|GUARANTEED PASS
1. A patient experiences prolonged tissue ischemia following arterial
occlusion. Which cellular mechanism most directly leads to irreversible
cell injury?
A. Increased mitochondrial ATP production
B. Activation of protein synthesis
C. Failure of the sodium–potassium ATPase pump causing cellular
swelling
D. Stabilization of lysosomal membranes
Correct Answer: C
2. Which characteristic distinguishes apoptosis from necrosis at the
cellular level?
A. Cell membrane rupture
B. Inflammatory response
C. DNA degradation without energy use
D. Energy-dependent, genetically programmed cell death
,Correct Answer: D
3. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to cellular injury primarily
by:
A. Enhancing mitochondrial respiration
B. Damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA through oxidative stress
C. Increasing antioxidant enzyme activity
D. Preventing apoptosis
Correct Answer: B
4. During hypoxic injury, which intracellular change occurs first?
A. Nuclear fragmentation
B. ATP depletion
C. Lysosomal rupture
D. Calcium extrusion
Correct Answer: B
5. In left-sided heart failure, which compensatory mechanism initially
helps maintain cardiac output?
, A. Decreased preload
B. Reduced afterload
C. Activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)
D. Suppression of sympathetic nervous system activity
Correct Answer: C
6. Which finding is most consistent with chronic left ventricular failure?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Jugular venous distention
C. Pulmonary congestion and dyspnea
D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: C
7. A widened pulse pressure is classically associated with which
condition?
A. Hypovolemic shock
B. Aortic regurgitation
C. Mitral valve stenosis
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NSG 5140 ACTUAL FINAL EXAM
2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) CURRENTLY UPDATED VERSION
|GUARANTEED PASS
1. A patient experiences prolonged tissue ischemia following arterial
occlusion. Which cellular mechanism most directly leads to irreversible
cell injury?
A. Increased mitochondrial ATP production
B. Activation of protein synthesis
C. Failure of the sodium–potassium ATPase pump causing cellular
swelling
D. Stabilization of lysosomal membranes
Correct Answer: C
2. Which characteristic distinguishes apoptosis from necrosis at the
cellular level?
A. Cell membrane rupture
B. Inflammatory response
C. DNA degradation without energy use
D. Energy-dependent, genetically programmed cell death
,Correct Answer: D
3. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to cellular injury primarily
by:
A. Enhancing mitochondrial respiration
B. Damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA through oxidative stress
C. Increasing antioxidant enzyme activity
D. Preventing apoptosis
Correct Answer: B
4. During hypoxic injury, which intracellular change occurs first?
A. Nuclear fragmentation
B. ATP depletion
C. Lysosomal rupture
D. Calcium extrusion
Correct Answer: B
5. In left-sided heart failure, which compensatory mechanism initially
helps maintain cardiac output?
, A. Decreased preload
B. Reduced afterload
C. Activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)
D. Suppression of sympathetic nervous system activity
Correct Answer: C
6. Which finding is most consistent with chronic left ventricular failure?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Jugular venous distention
C. Pulmonary congestion and dyspnea
D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: C
7. A widened pulse pressure is classically associated with which
condition?
A. Hypovolemic shock
B. Aortic regurgitation
C. Mitral valve stenosis
