PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRE ASSESSMENT (PA) LATEST EXAM
2026/2027 COMPLETE REAL QUESTIONS WITH WELL
ELABORATED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS) LATEST UPDATED VERSION |ALREADY
GRADED A+ |APPROVED EXAM
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis?
Answer- retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte?
Answer- Potassium
West Nile Virus
Answer- Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe
signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease
Answer- Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borelli
burgdorferi.
,Erythema infectious
Answer- a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity and diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____.
Answer- Spine bifida
Trousseau's sign
Answer- arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spine bifida
Answer- results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled
sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in
answer- males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes
,Answer- ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders
Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Grava
Describe Lupus
Answer- Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly
rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis
Answer- It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own Ach
receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of
the day, along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis
answer- inflammation of the skin
eczema
, answer- noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by
redness, blisters, scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer
answer- sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections
Answer- superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections
caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm
answer- noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm
answer- uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis