BSC 2085 FINAL EXAM 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Scientific Fact - ✔✔information that can be independently verified
✔✔Law of Nature - ✔✔Generalization in the way matter and energy behave
--results from inductive reasoning and repeated observations
--written as verbal statement or mathematical formula
✔✔Theory - ✔✔An explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts, laws,
and confirmed hypothesis
--summarizes what we know
--suggests directions for further study
✔✔Charles Darwin - ✔✔Shook scientific community
-his book, On The Origin Of Species By Means Of Natural Selection
-The Descent of Man (another book) human evolution and relationship to other animals
✔✔Evolution - ✔✔simply means the change in the genetic composition of a population
of organisms
✔✔Natural Selection - ✔✔the principal thoery of how evolution works
✔✔Selection Pressures - ✔✔Natural forces that promote the reproductive success of
some individuals more than others
✔✔Adaptations - ✔✔features of anatomy, physiology, and behavior that have evolved
in response to these selection pressures and enable orgainsms to cope
✔✔Primates
-early primates were arboreal (tree-dwelling) - ✔✔Order of mammals to which humans,
moonkeys, and apes belong
✔✔What are some adaptations of primates - ✔✔MOBILE SHOULDERS
-better movement among branches
OPPOSABLE THUMBS AND PREHENSILE HANDS
-grasp branches and manipulate objects
FORWARD FACING EYES WITH STEREOSCOPIC VISION
-depth perception
COLOR VISION
-find ripe fruit
LARGE BRAIN
, -memory allowing efficient food finding
✔✔Bipedalism - ✔✔Standing and walking on two legs
-help spot predators; carry food, tools, infants
✔✔Adaptations of bipedalism - ✔✔-Skeletal and Muscular modifications
-Changes to family structure
✔✔Australopithecus - ✔✔bipedal primate genus lived more than 3 million years ago
-oldest bipedal primate
✔✔Homo genus - ✔✔appeared 2.5 million years ago
-Taller,larger brain volume, tool-making
✔✔Homo erectus - ✔✔-appeared 1.8 million years ago
-Migrated from Africa to parts of Asia
✔✔Homo sapiens - ✔✔originated in Africa 200,000 years ago
✔✔Evolutionary medicine - ✔✔analyzes how human disease and dysfunctions can be
traced to differences between the artificial environment in we which we live, and the
prehistoric environment to where Homo sapiens have adapted
✔✔Hierarchy of Complexity - ✔✔Organism
-Organ System
--Organs
---Tissues
----Cells
-----Organelles
------Molecules
-------Atoms
✔✔Reductionism - ✔✔large, complex systems can be undersstood by studying their
components
--essential to scientific thinking
✔✔Holism - ✔✔"emergent properties" of the whole organism cannot be predicted from
the properties of the separate parts
--Humans are more than the sum of their parts
✔✔Anatomical variations - ✔✔No two humans are exactly alike
-Anatomy books show most common organization of structres
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Scientific Fact - ✔✔information that can be independently verified
✔✔Law of Nature - ✔✔Generalization in the way matter and energy behave
--results from inductive reasoning and repeated observations
--written as verbal statement or mathematical formula
✔✔Theory - ✔✔An explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts, laws,
and confirmed hypothesis
--summarizes what we know
--suggests directions for further study
✔✔Charles Darwin - ✔✔Shook scientific community
-his book, On The Origin Of Species By Means Of Natural Selection
-The Descent of Man (another book) human evolution and relationship to other animals
✔✔Evolution - ✔✔simply means the change in the genetic composition of a population
of organisms
✔✔Natural Selection - ✔✔the principal thoery of how evolution works
✔✔Selection Pressures - ✔✔Natural forces that promote the reproductive success of
some individuals more than others
✔✔Adaptations - ✔✔features of anatomy, physiology, and behavior that have evolved
in response to these selection pressures and enable orgainsms to cope
✔✔Primates
-early primates were arboreal (tree-dwelling) - ✔✔Order of mammals to which humans,
moonkeys, and apes belong
✔✔What are some adaptations of primates - ✔✔MOBILE SHOULDERS
-better movement among branches
OPPOSABLE THUMBS AND PREHENSILE HANDS
-grasp branches and manipulate objects
FORWARD FACING EYES WITH STEREOSCOPIC VISION
-depth perception
COLOR VISION
-find ripe fruit
LARGE BRAIN
, -memory allowing efficient food finding
✔✔Bipedalism - ✔✔Standing and walking on two legs
-help spot predators; carry food, tools, infants
✔✔Adaptations of bipedalism - ✔✔-Skeletal and Muscular modifications
-Changes to family structure
✔✔Australopithecus - ✔✔bipedal primate genus lived more than 3 million years ago
-oldest bipedal primate
✔✔Homo genus - ✔✔appeared 2.5 million years ago
-Taller,larger brain volume, tool-making
✔✔Homo erectus - ✔✔-appeared 1.8 million years ago
-Migrated from Africa to parts of Asia
✔✔Homo sapiens - ✔✔originated in Africa 200,000 years ago
✔✔Evolutionary medicine - ✔✔analyzes how human disease and dysfunctions can be
traced to differences between the artificial environment in we which we live, and the
prehistoric environment to where Homo sapiens have adapted
✔✔Hierarchy of Complexity - ✔✔Organism
-Organ System
--Organs
---Tissues
----Cells
-----Organelles
------Molecules
-------Atoms
✔✔Reductionism - ✔✔large, complex systems can be undersstood by studying their
components
--essential to scientific thinking
✔✔Holism - ✔✔"emergent properties" of the whole organism cannot be predicted from
the properties of the separate parts
--Humans are more than the sum of their parts
✔✔Anatomical variations - ✔✔No two humans are exactly alike
-Anatomy books show most common organization of structres
