NURS 401 EXAM #1 SG

NURS 401 EXAM #1 SG Baby Boomers and Chronic Illness [Chapter 1 p. 6 TJ & Ch. 5 p. 60 Lewis] · Baby boomers = born between · Chronic illness  w/ age · More than 80% of adults >70 yrs have at least one chronic condition & 50% have multiple health problems · Heart disease, hypertension, cancer, arthritis, and diabetes are most common chronic conditions in older adults o Lack of importance placed on healthy living as they were growing up · Prevention and management of chronic illness is a priority for all healthcare professionals Functional assessment and wellness [Ch. 1 p. 10] · Evaluation of person's ability to carry out basic tasks for self-care & tasks needed to support independent living · Identifies specific areas of help · Identifying changes in abilities from one time to another · Provides info useful for assessing safety · Numerous tools available that describe, screen, assess, monitor & predict functional ability · Fx assessment helps the gero nurse work w the individual to move toward healthy aging by accomplishing the following: o identifying the specific areas in which help is needed or not o identifying changes in abilities from one time to another o providing info that may be useful in assessing the safety of a particular living situation o includes assessment of ADLs & IADLs o use FANCAPES & SPICES o Promotes healing and encourages the person to remain active and engaged at the highest level possible · Approximately 40% of older adults (ages 65 and older) utilize available preventive services (nurse is planning educational program in citizen center what is important for her to understand) · Encourage client to maintain current levels of physical activity (85 year old male in community setting with DM nurse wants to promote functional wellness) Primary Prevention Strategies for Older Adults (Know primary vs. secondary) [Ch. 1 p. 8] · Primary prevention strategies that can and are used to prevent illness before it occurs · Exercise, diet, smoking cessation, immunizations (pneumococcal, influenza, shingles) · Secondary prevention: early detection of the disease · Annual physical exams, mammograms, DEXA scan · Primary prevention: immunization, smoking cessation program · Tertiary = teaching Wellness Based Model [Ch. 1 p. 7] · The concept of wellness incorporates all aspects of one’s being within the context of culture · Functional, environmental, intellectual, psychological, spiritual, social, biological · Health is viewed on a continuum · Healthy aging must be viewed from the prenatal period to death · Cannot be viewed by looking ONLY at later life · Epigenetics is leading to a new understanding of the impact of environmental factors · Health promoting strategies are important in achieving and maintaining the highest level of wellness on a continuum · Preventative services are highly underutilized · Wellness based model for healthy aging: · Healthy aging is individually defined and can change over time · There are many strategies to promote healthy aging that are believed to be helpful but do not have empirical evidence to support them. · Healthy aging cannot be achieved by only focusing on later life. It is a lifelong process Gerontological Nursing [Ch. 2] · Gerontological nurses have made significant contributions to the body of knowledge guiding best practices for older adults · It has emerged as a specialty area of practice only within the past 6 decades · The specialty was defined and shaped by nursing pioneers who saw that older adults had special needs and required subtle, holistic and complex nursing care · “National certification as a gerontological nurse is a way to demonstrate special knowledge in caring for older adults” Biological Theories of Aging (Wear and Tear Theory) [Ch. 3 p. 32] · Wear and tear theory = cellular errors are a result of “wearing out” over time from continued use · Associated damage is accelerated by harmful effects of internal and external stressors · Include pollutants and injurious metabolic by-products (free radicals) · Damage causes either progressive decline in cellular function or  cellular death ...........................................CONTINUED.................................................