CAPA EXAMS BUNDLE 2026 EXAM SCRIPT
WITH FULL ANSWERS
◉ Interscalene nerve block. Answer: anesthetizes the brachial
plexus as it passes through the scalene triangle. It is used to provide
anethesia for the shoulder and upper arm. Nearly all patients will
devleop transeint ipsilateral diaphragmatic parylasis due to
involvment of the phrenic nerve roots as tehy pass through the
interscalene sheath.
◉ Complication of rapid warming. Answer: Hypotension (rapid
vasodilation can cause a drop in blood pressure)
◉ Hetastarch (Hespan). Answer: - Volume expander, colloid
- less expensive than blood
- minimal co-ag effects
- less likely to cause allergic reaction
- metabolizes slowly
◉ Why are neonates not tolerant of fluid overload?. Answer: -
obligate sodium loss
- slow clearance of fluid
- inability to conserve fluid
,◉ Medication used to treat fluid overload/ ascites in patient with
Cirrhosis. Answer: Spironolactone
◉ Steal syndrome. Answer: - Too much blood going to the fistula,
leaving the hand ischemic. Tx is with surgery or banding to decrease
outflow (if high flow)
◉ Infant should void. Answer: 5ml/Kg/hr or at least 2-3ml/Kg/hr
◉ Autonomic hyperreflexia (dysreflexia). Answer: - Massive,
uncompensated cardiovascular response to stimulation of the
sympathetic nervous system
Stimulation of the sensory receptors below the level of the cord
lesion
- Associated with injuries above level T6
◉ TURPs. Answer: - risk for water intoxication
- risk for hyponatremia
- s/s include: SOB, hypoxemia, confusion, nausea, vomiting, muscle
twitches, tachycardia, and hypotension
◉ intrarenal failure. Answer: - direct damage to the kidneys by
inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
, (ex..glomerulonephritis)
◉ orcheopexy. Answer: procedure to correct testicular torsion
◉ Piaget's stages of cognitive development. Answer: 1. sensorimotor
(18-24 months)
2. preoperational (24 months - 7 years)
3. concrete operational (7 - 12 years)
4. formal operational ( 12 years - adulthood)
◉ distal tubule function. Answer: - acid-base balance
- homeostatic balance
-
◉ Expectations after kidney transplant. Answer: POLYURIA - due to
administrations of mannitol and diuretics
◉ Test to determine glomerular filtration. Answer: - Creatinine - in
blood - it is the only filtered substance that is not re-absorbed
- and/ or - proteinuria - in urine
◉ Proximal tubule function. Answer: - 65% - most of the solute and
water reabsorption
WITH FULL ANSWERS
◉ Interscalene nerve block. Answer: anesthetizes the brachial
plexus as it passes through the scalene triangle. It is used to provide
anethesia for the shoulder and upper arm. Nearly all patients will
devleop transeint ipsilateral diaphragmatic parylasis due to
involvment of the phrenic nerve roots as tehy pass through the
interscalene sheath.
◉ Complication of rapid warming. Answer: Hypotension (rapid
vasodilation can cause a drop in blood pressure)
◉ Hetastarch (Hespan). Answer: - Volume expander, colloid
- less expensive than blood
- minimal co-ag effects
- less likely to cause allergic reaction
- metabolizes slowly
◉ Why are neonates not tolerant of fluid overload?. Answer: -
obligate sodium loss
- slow clearance of fluid
- inability to conserve fluid
,◉ Medication used to treat fluid overload/ ascites in patient with
Cirrhosis. Answer: Spironolactone
◉ Steal syndrome. Answer: - Too much blood going to the fistula,
leaving the hand ischemic. Tx is with surgery or banding to decrease
outflow (if high flow)
◉ Infant should void. Answer: 5ml/Kg/hr or at least 2-3ml/Kg/hr
◉ Autonomic hyperreflexia (dysreflexia). Answer: - Massive,
uncompensated cardiovascular response to stimulation of the
sympathetic nervous system
Stimulation of the sensory receptors below the level of the cord
lesion
- Associated with injuries above level T6
◉ TURPs. Answer: - risk for water intoxication
- risk for hyponatremia
- s/s include: SOB, hypoxemia, confusion, nausea, vomiting, muscle
twitches, tachycardia, and hypotension
◉ intrarenal failure. Answer: - direct damage to the kidneys by
inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
, (ex..glomerulonephritis)
◉ orcheopexy. Answer: procedure to correct testicular torsion
◉ Piaget's stages of cognitive development. Answer: 1. sensorimotor
(18-24 months)
2. preoperational (24 months - 7 years)
3. concrete operational (7 - 12 years)
4. formal operational ( 12 years - adulthood)
◉ distal tubule function. Answer: - acid-base balance
- homeostatic balance
-
◉ Expectations after kidney transplant. Answer: POLYURIA - due to
administrations of mannitol and diuretics
◉ Test to determine glomerular filtration. Answer: - Creatinine - in
blood - it is the only filtered substance that is not re-absorbed
- and/ or - proteinuria - in urine
◉ Proximal tubule function. Answer: - 65% - most of the solute and
water reabsorption
