CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS 4TH EDITION
BY LISA A. URRY EXAM 2026 CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION EXAMS WITH COMPLETE Q&A
STUDY GUIDE
◉ A herbivore can avoid competition from other species for food by
acquiring the ability to____. Answer: Be tolerant to some secondary
compounds, allowing it to feed on an underutilized resource
◉ A relationship in which both members benefit is called? Answer:
Mutualism
◉ A relationship, which occurs when one member of the
relationship is neither helped nor harmed and the other member
derives some benefit is called? Answer: Commensalism
◉ A species that interacts in critical ways with many other elements
of an ecosystem is called a ___ species. Answer: Keystone
◉ According to bottom-up and top-down control models of
community organization, which of the following expressions would
imply that an increase in the size of a carnivore (C) population
would negatively impact on its prey (P) population, but not vice
versa? Answer: P <-- C
,◉ According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species
cannot continue to occupy the same___. Answer: Niche
◉ According to the non equilibrium model, ___. Answer:
Communities are constantly changing after being influenced by
disturbances
◉ All of the following are types of symbiosis except? Answer:
Camoflauge
◉ All of the following factors can be important in determining the
difference between a species' fundamental and realized niches.
Select the exception. Answer: Presence of a commensalist that
benefits
◉ All of the following items are features of a biological community,
except one. Select the exception. Answer: Character displacement
◉ All organisms living together in a place are called a __. Answer:
Community
◉ Alligators excavate holes in the bottom of bodies of water. During
times of severe drought these holes act as.... Thus, alligators in the
system can be classified as a(n)___. Answer: Keystone species
, ◉ Animals defend themselves against predators by all of the
following except? Answer: Inter-specific competion
◉ Aposematic, or warning coloration, serves to protect an animal or
plant by signaling to potential ___ to stay away. Answer: Predators
◉ As you study two closely related predatory insect species, the
two-spot and the three-spot avenger beetles, you notice that each
species seeks prey at dawn in areas without the other species... You
have discovered an example of___? Answer: Resource partitioning
◉ Bio-manipulation can best be described as___. Answer: Removing
many of the next higher trophic level organisms so that the
struggling trophic level below can recover
◉ Cardiac glycosides, molecules causing a drastic effect on
vertebrate heart function, are produced as defense chemicals by
plants, which belong to___. Answer: The milkweed & dog bone
families
◉ Cattle egrets follow African ungulates such as African buffalo
around and catch insects that the buffalo flush. Oxpeckers perch on
the backs of buffalo and feed on ectoparasites that infest the buffalo.
Which one of the following shows the ecological interaction that the
BY LISA A. URRY EXAM 2026 CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION EXAMS WITH COMPLETE Q&A
STUDY GUIDE
◉ A herbivore can avoid competition from other species for food by
acquiring the ability to____. Answer: Be tolerant to some secondary
compounds, allowing it to feed on an underutilized resource
◉ A relationship in which both members benefit is called? Answer:
Mutualism
◉ A relationship, which occurs when one member of the
relationship is neither helped nor harmed and the other member
derives some benefit is called? Answer: Commensalism
◉ A species that interacts in critical ways with many other elements
of an ecosystem is called a ___ species. Answer: Keystone
◉ According to bottom-up and top-down control models of
community organization, which of the following expressions would
imply that an increase in the size of a carnivore (C) population
would negatively impact on its prey (P) population, but not vice
versa? Answer: P <-- C
,◉ According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species
cannot continue to occupy the same___. Answer: Niche
◉ According to the non equilibrium model, ___. Answer:
Communities are constantly changing after being influenced by
disturbances
◉ All of the following are types of symbiosis except? Answer:
Camoflauge
◉ All of the following factors can be important in determining the
difference between a species' fundamental and realized niches.
Select the exception. Answer: Presence of a commensalist that
benefits
◉ All of the following items are features of a biological community,
except one. Select the exception. Answer: Character displacement
◉ All organisms living together in a place are called a __. Answer:
Community
◉ Alligators excavate holes in the bottom of bodies of water. During
times of severe drought these holes act as.... Thus, alligators in the
system can be classified as a(n)___. Answer: Keystone species
, ◉ Animals defend themselves against predators by all of the
following except? Answer: Inter-specific competion
◉ Aposematic, or warning coloration, serves to protect an animal or
plant by signaling to potential ___ to stay away. Answer: Predators
◉ As you study two closely related predatory insect species, the
two-spot and the three-spot avenger beetles, you notice that each
species seeks prey at dawn in areas without the other species... You
have discovered an example of___? Answer: Resource partitioning
◉ Bio-manipulation can best be described as___. Answer: Removing
many of the next higher trophic level organisms so that the
struggling trophic level below can recover
◉ Cardiac glycosides, molecules causing a drastic effect on
vertebrate heart function, are produced as defense chemicals by
plants, which belong to___. Answer: The milkweed & dog bone
families
◉ Cattle egrets follow African ungulates such as African buffalo
around and catch insects that the buffalo flush. Oxpeckers perch on
the backs of buffalo and feed on ectoparasites that infest the buffalo.
Which one of the following shows the ecological interaction that the
