15. Planning and scheduling operations
Operations planning and scheduling: The process of balancing supply with demand,
From the aggregate level down to the short-
term scheduling level.
Aggregation:
1. Services or products
2. Workforce
3. Time
Product family: A group of services or products that have
similar demand requirements and common
process, labor, and materials requirements.
Business plan: A projected statement of income, costs and
profits.
Annual plan / financial plan: A plan for financial assessment used by a
nonprofit service organization.
,Demand options:
1. Complementary products
2. Promotional pricing
3. Prescheduled appointments
4. Reservations
5. Revenue management
6. Backlogs
7. Backorders and stockouts
Complementary products:
Complementary products: Services or products that have similar
resource requirements but different demand
cycles.
Promotional pricing:
Promotional campaigns are designed to increase sales with creative pricing.
Prescheduled appointments:
Service providers often can schedule customers for definite periods of order fulfillment.
With this approach, demand is leveled to
Reservations:
Reservation systems, although quite similar to appointment systems, are used when
the customer actually occupies or uses facilities associated with the service.
Revenue management:
Revenue management: Varying price at the right time for different
customer segments to maximize revenues
yielded by existing supply capacity.
Backlogs:
Backlog: An accumulation of customer orders that a
manufacturer has promised for delivery at
some future date.
Backorders and stockouts:
Backorder: A customer order that cannot be filled
immediately but is filled as soon as possible.
Stockout: A customer order that is lost and the customer
goes elsewhere.
, Supply options:
1. Anticipation inventory
2. Workforce adjustment
3. Workforce utilization
4. Part-time workers
5. Subcontractors
6. Vacation schedules
Anticipation inventory:
Anticipation inventory can be used to absorb uneven rates of demand or supply.
Workforce adjustment:
Management can adjust workforce levels by hiring or laying off employees.
Workforce utilization:
Overtime: The time that employees work that is longer
than the regular workday or workweek for
which they receive additional pay.
Undertime: The situation that occurs when employees do
not have enough work for the regular-time
workday or workweek.
Part-time workers:
Another option apart from overtime is to hire part-time workers, who are paid only for
the hours and days worked. Perhaps they only work during the peak times of the day or
peak days of the week.
Subcontractors:
Subcontractors can be used to overcome short-term capacity shortages, such as during
peaks of the season or business cycle.
Vacation schedules:
A manufacturer can shut down during an annual lull in sales, leaving a skeleton crew to
cover operations and perform maintenance.
Operations planning and scheduling: The process of balancing supply with demand,
From the aggregate level down to the short-
term scheduling level.
Aggregation:
1. Services or products
2. Workforce
3. Time
Product family: A group of services or products that have
similar demand requirements and common
process, labor, and materials requirements.
Business plan: A projected statement of income, costs and
profits.
Annual plan / financial plan: A plan for financial assessment used by a
nonprofit service organization.
,Demand options:
1. Complementary products
2. Promotional pricing
3. Prescheduled appointments
4. Reservations
5. Revenue management
6. Backlogs
7. Backorders and stockouts
Complementary products:
Complementary products: Services or products that have similar
resource requirements but different demand
cycles.
Promotional pricing:
Promotional campaigns are designed to increase sales with creative pricing.
Prescheduled appointments:
Service providers often can schedule customers for definite periods of order fulfillment.
With this approach, demand is leveled to
Reservations:
Reservation systems, although quite similar to appointment systems, are used when
the customer actually occupies or uses facilities associated with the service.
Revenue management:
Revenue management: Varying price at the right time for different
customer segments to maximize revenues
yielded by existing supply capacity.
Backlogs:
Backlog: An accumulation of customer orders that a
manufacturer has promised for delivery at
some future date.
Backorders and stockouts:
Backorder: A customer order that cannot be filled
immediately but is filled as soon as possible.
Stockout: A customer order that is lost and the customer
goes elsewhere.
, Supply options:
1. Anticipation inventory
2. Workforce adjustment
3. Workforce utilization
4. Part-time workers
5. Subcontractors
6. Vacation schedules
Anticipation inventory:
Anticipation inventory can be used to absorb uneven rates of demand or supply.
Workforce adjustment:
Management can adjust workforce levels by hiring or laying off employees.
Workforce utilization:
Overtime: The time that employees work that is longer
than the regular workday or workweek for
which they receive additional pay.
Undertime: The situation that occurs when employees do
not have enough work for the regular-time
workday or workweek.
Part-time workers:
Another option apart from overtime is to hire part-time workers, who are paid only for
the hours and days worked. Perhaps they only work during the peak times of the day or
peak days of the week.
Subcontractors:
Subcontractors can be used to overcome short-term capacity shortages, such as during
peaks of the season or business cycle.
Vacation schedules:
A manufacturer can shut down during an annual lull in sales, leaving a skeleton crew to
cover operations and perform maintenance.
