NUR 216 UPDATED FINALS EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔What technique is used to auscultate heart sounds? - ✔✔Using the diaphragm of
the stethoscope at the five landmark sites.
✔✔What should be listened for while auscultating heart sounds? - ✔✔S1, S2, rhythm,
and any abnormal or extra heart sounds.
✔✔What is the purpose of having the client lean forward during auscultation? - ✔✔To
better hear low-pitched heart sounds using the bell of the stethoscope.
✔✔What position should the client be in for auscultating the apical area? - ✔✔The client
should lie on their left lateral side.
✔✔What are the risk factors for cardiac disease? - ✔✔Family history, medication
history, and lifestyle factors.
✔✔What is the significance of creating a genogram in health history? - ✔✔A genogram
helps identify genetic risk factors for cardiac disease.
✔✔What is the leading cause of death among women related to cardiovascular health?
- ✔✔Heart disease, causing 1/3 of deaths each year.
✔✔What condition is characterized by narrowed or blocked arteries due to
atherosclerosis? - ✔✔Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
✔✔What are common symptoms of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)? - ✔✔Intermittent
claudication, numbness or weakness in legs, changes in skin color, temperature,
texture, hair loss, wounds that don't heal, weak pulse, erectile dysfunction.
✔✔What condition involves problems with veins where valves allow backflow of blood?
- ✔✔Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD)
✔✔What are typical symptoms of Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD)? -
✔✔Swelling/edema, heaviness/tightness in legs, spider veins or varicose veins,
difficulty standing for long periods, burning or cramping in thighs/calves, itching around
veins.
✔✔What mnemonic can help differentiate between PVD and PAD? - ✔✔VEINY for
PVD: Voluptuous pulses, Edema, Irregular shaped sores, No sharp pain, Yellow and
Brown ankles; ARTS for PAD: Absent pulses, Round shaped sores, Toes and feet are
pale or bright red, Sharp calf pain.
,✔✔What are the risk factors for lymphedema? - ✔✔Family history of lymphedema,
removal of lymph nodes, invasive surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, morbid
obesity.
✔✔What abnormal findings indicate enlarged lymph nodes? - ✔✔Enlarged > 1 cm,
matted (group of fused lymph nodes), hard, tender.
✔✔What is the proper technique for auscultating the carotid arteries? - ✔✔Ask the client
to take a breath in and hold it, then use a stethoscope to listen for a bruit, which is an
abnormal sound indicating obstruction.
✔✔What does visible jugular venous distention indicate? - ✔✔Increased central venous
pressure, often seen in congestive heart failure and fluid overload.
✔✔What should be inspected when assessing the upper extremities? - ✔✔Symmetry,
color, texture, edema, fingernail beds for color, nail thickness, and profile sign
(clubbing).
✔✔What are signs of altered peripheral circulation in the upper extremities? -
✔✔Discoloration, change in skin texture, cool extremities, unilateral edema, enlarged
epitrochlear nodes, cellulitis, ulcerations.
✔✔What is pitting edema? - ✔✔Accumulation of fluid in tissues where an indentation
remains after pressure is applied.
✔✔What should be assessed when inspecting/palpating the lower extremities? -
✔✔Color, symmetry, texture, edema, nail thickness, temperature, and pulses (popliteal,
posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis).
✔✔What are abnormal findings in the lower extremities? - ✔✔Color discoloration,
decreased texture, loss of hair, cool skin temperature, thick toenails, presence of
bilateral or unilateral edema, varicose veins, lymphedema.
✔✔What is the significance of assessing the epitrochlear lymph nodes? - ✔✔Enlarged
epitrochlear nodes can indicate underlying conditions such as infection or malignancy.
✔✔What are the characteristics of arterial ulcers? - ✔✔Typically have round shapes,
are located on toes and feet, and are associated with sharp calf pain.
✔✔What are the characteristics of venous ulcers? - ✔✔Often irregularly shaped,
located on the lower legs, and associated with swelling and varicose veins.
✔✔What does a cool skin temperature in the lower extremities suggest? - ✔✔Possible
arterial insufficiency.
, ✔✔What does the presence of varicose veins indicate? - ✔✔Potential venous
insufficiency or valve dysfunction.
✔✔What is the profile sign in nail assessment? - ✔✔A sign of clubbing, where the angle
between the nail and the nail bed is greater than 180 degrees.
✔✔How should the client be positioned for assessing jugular venous distention? - ✔✔In
an upright sitting or semi-Fowler's position.
✔✔What is a bruit? - ✔✔An abnormal 'whooshing' sound heard over an artery,
indicating turbulent blood flow due to obstruction.
✔✔Musculoskeletal - ✔✔Provides structure, support, protection, and movement.
✔✔Skeleton - ✔✔Composed of 206 bones and divided into two regions: axial skeleton
and appendicular skeleton.
✔✔Types of bones - ✔✔Long bones and irregular/short bones.
✔✔Joint - ✔✔Two or more bones coming together.
✔✔Synovial joint - ✔✔A type of joint that allows for movement.
✔✔Non-synovial joint - ✔✔A type of joint that does not allow for movement.
✔✔Types of joints - ✔✔Fused, ball and socket, hinge, gliding, plane, and condyloid.
✔✔Vertebrae - ✔✔33 bones and cartilaginous segments compose the vertebrae in the
spinal column.
✔✔Muscles - ✔✔Over 600 muscles in the human body protect our bones and are
responsible for body movement.
✔✔Types of muscle - ✔✔Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.
✔✔Tendons - ✔✔Nonelastic structures that connect muscles to bones.
✔✔Ligaments - ✔✔Provide additional support to the joint.
✔✔Diagnostics - ✔✔Includes blood tests, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), X-ray, MRI,
CT scan, and DEXA scan.
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔What technique is used to auscultate heart sounds? - ✔✔Using the diaphragm of
the stethoscope at the five landmark sites.
✔✔What should be listened for while auscultating heart sounds? - ✔✔S1, S2, rhythm,
and any abnormal or extra heart sounds.
✔✔What is the purpose of having the client lean forward during auscultation? - ✔✔To
better hear low-pitched heart sounds using the bell of the stethoscope.
✔✔What position should the client be in for auscultating the apical area? - ✔✔The client
should lie on their left lateral side.
✔✔What are the risk factors for cardiac disease? - ✔✔Family history, medication
history, and lifestyle factors.
✔✔What is the significance of creating a genogram in health history? - ✔✔A genogram
helps identify genetic risk factors for cardiac disease.
✔✔What is the leading cause of death among women related to cardiovascular health?
- ✔✔Heart disease, causing 1/3 of deaths each year.
✔✔What condition is characterized by narrowed or blocked arteries due to
atherosclerosis? - ✔✔Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
✔✔What are common symptoms of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)? - ✔✔Intermittent
claudication, numbness or weakness in legs, changes in skin color, temperature,
texture, hair loss, wounds that don't heal, weak pulse, erectile dysfunction.
✔✔What condition involves problems with veins where valves allow backflow of blood?
- ✔✔Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD)
✔✔What are typical symptoms of Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD)? -
✔✔Swelling/edema, heaviness/tightness in legs, spider veins or varicose veins,
difficulty standing for long periods, burning or cramping in thighs/calves, itching around
veins.
✔✔What mnemonic can help differentiate between PVD and PAD? - ✔✔VEINY for
PVD: Voluptuous pulses, Edema, Irregular shaped sores, No sharp pain, Yellow and
Brown ankles; ARTS for PAD: Absent pulses, Round shaped sores, Toes and feet are
pale or bright red, Sharp calf pain.
,✔✔What are the risk factors for lymphedema? - ✔✔Family history of lymphedema,
removal of lymph nodes, invasive surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, morbid
obesity.
✔✔What abnormal findings indicate enlarged lymph nodes? - ✔✔Enlarged > 1 cm,
matted (group of fused lymph nodes), hard, tender.
✔✔What is the proper technique for auscultating the carotid arteries? - ✔✔Ask the client
to take a breath in and hold it, then use a stethoscope to listen for a bruit, which is an
abnormal sound indicating obstruction.
✔✔What does visible jugular venous distention indicate? - ✔✔Increased central venous
pressure, often seen in congestive heart failure and fluid overload.
✔✔What should be inspected when assessing the upper extremities? - ✔✔Symmetry,
color, texture, edema, fingernail beds for color, nail thickness, and profile sign
(clubbing).
✔✔What are signs of altered peripheral circulation in the upper extremities? -
✔✔Discoloration, change in skin texture, cool extremities, unilateral edema, enlarged
epitrochlear nodes, cellulitis, ulcerations.
✔✔What is pitting edema? - ✔✔Accumulation of fluid in tissues where an indentation
remains after pressure is applied.
✔✔What should be assessed when inspecting/palpating the lower extremities? -
✔✔Color, symmetry, texture, edema, nail thickness, temperature, and pulses (popliteal,
posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis).
✔✔What are abnormal findings in the lower extremities? - ✔✔Color discoloration,
decreased texture, loss of hair, cool skin temperature, thick toenails, presence of
bilateral or unilateral edema, varicose veins, lymphedema.
✔✔What is the significance of assessing the epitrochlear lymph nodes? - ✔✔Enlarged
epitrochlear nodes can indicate underlying conditions such as infection or malignancy.
✔✔What are the characteristics of arterial ulcers? - ✔✔Typically have round shapes,
are located on toes and feet, and are associated with sharp calf pain.
✔✔What are the characteristics of venous ulcers? - ✔✔Often irregularly shaped,
located on the lower legs, and associated with swelling and varicose veins.
✔✔What does a cool skin temperature in the lower extremities suggest? - ✔✔Possible
arterial insufficiency.
, ✔✔What does the presence of varicose veins indicate? - ✔✔Potential venous
insufficiency or valve dysfunction.
✔✔What is the profile sign in nail assessment? - ✔✔A sign of clubbing, where the angle
between the nail and the nail bed is greater than 180 degrees.
✔✔How should the client be positioned for assessing jugular venous distention? - ✔✔In
an upright sitting or semi-Fowler's position.
✔✔What is a bruit? - ✔✔An abnormal 'whooshing' sound heard over an artery,
indicating turbulent blood flow due to obstruction.
✔✔Musculoskeletal - ✔✔Provides structure, support, protection, and movement.
✔✔Skeleton - ✔✔Composed of 206 bones and divided into two regions: axial skeleton
and appendicular skeleton.
✔✔Types of bones - ✔✔Long bones and irregular/short bones.
✔✔Joint - ✔✔Two or more bones coming together.
✔✔Synovial joint - ✔✔A type of joint that allows for movement.
✔✔Non-synovial joint - ✔✔A type of joint that does not allow for movement.
✔✔Types of joints - ✔✔Fused, ball and socket, hinge, gliding, plane, and condyloid.
✔✔Vertebrae - ✔✔33 bones and cartilaginous segments compose the vertebrae in the
spinal column.
✔✔Muscles - ✔✔Over 600 muscles in the human body protect our bones and are
responsible for body movement.
✔✔Types of muscle - ✔✔Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.
✔✔Tendons - ✔✔Nonelastic structures that connect muscles to bones.
✔✔Ligaments - ✔✔Provide additional support to the joint.
✔✔Diagnostics - ✔✔Includes blood tests, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), X-ray, MRI,
CT scan, and DEXA scan.
