NURS 5461 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
Microcytic anemia - Answers iron deficiency, usually due to malabsorption / occult blood loss, or
lead poisoning. MCV <80
Normocytic anemia - Answers due to hemorrhage or chronic disease. Aplastic anemia. MVC 80-
92
macrocytic anemia - Answers due to folate or vitamin B12(cobalamin) deficiency (megaloblastic
anemia) / pernicious anemia. /liver diseases
serum ferritin - Answers Tests for iron stores. As serum ferritin falls, TIBC rises, and serum iron
levels will eventually fall.
Anemia of chronic disease - Answers NORMOcytic anemia with ↓ serum iron, ↓ TIBC, and
normal iron stores. Treat with epoetin and give an iron supplement
Schistocytes - Answers Associated with hemolytic uremia syndrome
pernicious anemia - Answers Macrocytic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. B12 is
essential to maturation of erythrocytes - low levels will cause the RBC to expand. PPIs and
histamine2 blockers can cause this.
Increased homocysteine & methylmalonic acid level indicates ? - Answers B12 deficiency
increased homocysteine levels - Answers Folate deficiency
Sperocytes - Answers Appear as spheres, lack central pallor, smaller diameter, indicate immune-
mediated process - can be seen after blood transfusion
aplastic anemia - Answers a normocytic anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to
produce red blood cells
Low ferritin - Answers iron deficiency anemia
Transferrin - Answers transports iron
TIBC (total iron binding capacity) - Answers Available transferrin that is left unbound
(Represents the "empty seats on a train"). When iron is low, TIBC will be high. When iron is high,
TIBC will be low
MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) - Answers 32 - 36 g/dL
Concentration of hemoglobin per RBC
, Alzheimer's disease - Answers Gradual onset with early memory impairment. Most common
form of dementia. Cholinesterase inhibitors for early treatment.
Lewy body dementia - Answers usually a rapidly progressive form of dementia seen with
Parkinson syndrome. - VISUAL HALLUCINATION ARE SEEN.
frontal lobe dementia - Answers Seen before age 60 w personality impairments. PDG-PET Scan
testing. - decreased glucose uptake by the brain in frontal and temporal lobe
PDG-PET SCAN - Answers Measure brain metabolism of glucose. decreaesd uptake by temporal
and parital lobe in Alzheimer's
SSRIs - Answers Fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram.
Cholinesterase inhibitors - Answers Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
Cholinesterase inhibitors - Answers Treatment of alzheimers dementia and dementia w Lewy
body's - can reduce psychosis & behavior disturbances
delirium - Answers Acute onset confusion caused by cholinergic deficiency / Anticholinergic
overdose. HALDO TREATMENT OF CHOICE UNLESS PT HAS PARKINSONS OR DEMENTIA W LEWY
BODYS - USE QUETIAPINE
For Mania in dementia use - Answers Divalproex (depokote)
1st recommended treatment for depression - Answers Exercise
Bipolar depression treatment - Answers mood stabilizer - lamotrigine 1st
Fluoxetine (Prozac) - Answers SSRI - AVOID IN OLDER ADULTS - long half life and too energizing
What neurotransmitter is lost in Alzheimer's - Answers Acetylcholine
Diagnosis for levy body / parkinson dementia - Answers must include visual hallucinations and
or parkinsons signs
Memantine - Answers Used for sever Alzheimer's and in combination with a cholinesterase
inhibitor
Citalopram (Celexa) - Answers SSRI. Effective in treating agitation and psychosis - no more than
20mg due to prolonged QT .
Treatment for mania in dementia - Answers Divalproex Sodium (Depakot) - Keep an eye on the
liver
Microcytic anemia - Answers iron deficiency, usually due to malabsorption / occult blood loss, or
lead poisoning. MCV <80
Normocytic anemia - Answers due to hemorrhage or chronic disease. Aplastic anemia. MVC 80-
92
macrocytic anemia - Answers due to folate or vitamin B12(cobalamin) deficiency (megaloblastic
anemia) / pernicious anemia. /liver diseases
serum ferritin - Answers Tests for iron stores. As serum ferritin falls, TIBC rises, and serum iron
levels will eventually fall.
Anemia of chronic disease - Answers NORMOcytic anemia with ↓ serum iron, ↓ TIBC, and
normal iron stores. Treat with epoetin and give an iron supplement
Schistocytes - Answers Associated with hemolytic uremia syndrome
pernicious anemia - Answers Macrocytic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. B12 is
essential to maturation of erythrocytes - low levels will cause the RBC to expand. PPIs and
histamine2 blockers can cause this.
Increased homocysteine & methylmalonic acid level indicates ? - Answers B12 deficiency
increased homocysteine levels - Answers Folate deficiency
Sperocytes - Answers Appear as spheres, lack central pallor, smaller diameter, indicate immune-
mediated process - can be seen after blood transfusion
aplastic anemia - Answers a normocytic anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to
produce red blood cells
Low ferritin - Answers iron deficiency anemia
Transferrin - Answers transports iron
TIBC (total iron binding capacity) - Answers Available transferrin that is left unbound
(Represents the "empty seats on a train"). When iron is low, TIBC will be high. When iron is high,
TIBC will be low
MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) - Answers 32 - 36 g/dL
Concentration of hemoglobin per RBC
, Alzheimer's disease - Answers Gradual onset with early memory impairment. Most common
form of dementia. Cholinesterase inhibitors for early treatment.
Lewy body dementia - Answers usually a rapidly progressive form of dementia seen with
Parkinson syndrome. - VISUAL HALLUCINATION ARE SEEN.
frontal lobe dementia - Answers Seen before age 60 w personality impairments. PDG-PET Scan
testing. - decreased glucose uptake by the brain in frontal and temporal lobe
PDG-PET SCAN - Answers Measure brain metabolism of glucose. decreaesd uptake by temporal
and parital lobe in Alzheimer's
SSRIs - Answers Fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram.
Cholinesterase inhibitors - Answers Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
Cholinesterase inhibitors - Answers Treatment of alzheimers dementia and dementia w Lewy
body's - can reduce psychosis & behavior disturbances
delirium - Answers Acute onset confusion caused by cholinergic deficiency / Anticholinergic
overdose. HALDO TREATMENT OF CHOICE UNLESS PT HAS PARKINSONS OR DEMENTIA W LEWY
BODYS - USE QUETIAPINE
For Mania in dementia use - Answers Divalproex (depokote)
1st recommended treatment for depression - Answers Exercise
Bipolar depression treatment - Answers mood stabilizer - lamotrigine 1st
Fluoxetine (Prozac) - Answers SSRI - AVOID IN OLDER ADULTS - long half life and too energizing
What neurotransmitter is lost in Alzheimer's - Answers Acetylcholine
Diagnosis for levy body / parkinson dementia - Answers must include visual hallucinations and
or parkinsons signs
Memantine - Answers Used for sever Alzheimer's and in combination with a cholinesterase
inhibitor
Citalopram (Celexa) - Answers SSRI. Effective in treating agitation and psychosis - no more than
20mg due to prolonged QT .
Treatment for mania in dementia - Answers Divalproex Sodium (Depakot) - Keep an eye on the
liver
