NR 324 EXAM 1 PRACTICE TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Do people with COPD and other chronic respiratory illnesses
hyper or hypoventilate? Answer: HYPOventilate
◉ What organs are the two regulators of acid in our body? Answer:
Lungs and kidneys
◉ When will a patient display Kussmaul breathing in relation to
acid-base balance? Answer: During acidosis /
◉ Normal pH range of blood Answer: 7.35-7.45
◉ normal PaCo2 Answer: 35-45 mm Hg
◉ PaO2 normal levels Answer: 80-100
◉ Normal HCO3 levels Answer: 22-26mEq/L
◉ Ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in a healthy state Answer:
1:20
,◉ Three regulatory mechanisms of acid-base regulation Answer:
Buffer system
respiratory system
renal system
◉ Which regulatory system responds immediately? Answer: The
buffer system. It is your natural neutral reaction process
◉ Which system responds in minutes and reaches its maximum
effort within hours? Answer: Respiratory system
◉ Which regulatory system takes 2-3 days to respond? Answer:
Renal system
◉ What type of acid-base imbalance would someone who took too
much Aspirin have? Answer: Respiratory acidosis
◉ Why is a brown bag helpful for someone with respiratory
alkalosis to breathe into? Answer: Because they can help return the
CO2 back to their body that they lost from hyperventilating
, ◉ What type of meds are useful for someone in Respiratory
alkalosis? Answer: Minor tranquilizers and anti-anxiety meds such
as Ativan because they are hyperventilating and need help relaxing
◉ What are two common causes for metabolic acidosis? Answer:
Aspirin overdose and prolonged diarrhea
◉ Common cause for metabolic alkalosis: Answer: prolonged
vomiting or gastric suction ---you are eliminating acid from the body
for a prolonged period of time.
The kidneys compensate by dumping...lungs hypoventilate to keep
CO2
◉ When you auscultate cardiac sounds what are you hearing?
Answer: The valves opening and shutting
◉ What is the major purpose of the cardiac system? Answer: to
supply the body with oxygenated blood
◉ Ejection fraction Answer: the amount of blood ejected per
minutes. It is >65mL per minute. You need an effective cardiac
output and ejection fraction to ensure the hear is working well.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Do people with COPD and other chronic respiratory illnesses
hyper or hypoventilate? Answer: HYPOventilate
◉ What organs are the two regulators of acid in our body? Answer:
Lungs and kidneys
◉ When will a patient display Kussmaul breathing in relation to
acid-base balance? Answer: During acidosis /
◉ Normal pH range of blood Answer: 7.35-7.45
◉ normal PaCo2 Answer: 35-45 mm Hg
◉ PaO2 normal levels Answer: 80-100
◉ Normal HCO3 levels Answer: 22-26mEq/L
◉ Ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in a healthy state Answer:
1:20
,◉ Three regulatory mechanisms of acid-base regulation Answer:
Buffer system
respiratory system
renal system
◉ Which regulatory system responds immediately? Answer: The
buffer system. It is your natural neutral reaction process
◉ Which system responds in minutes and reaches its maximum
effort within hours? Answer: Respiratory system
◉ Which regulatory system takes 2-3 days to respond? Answer:
Renal system
◉ What type of acid-base imbalance would someone who took too
much Aspirin have? Answer: Respiratory acidosis
◉ Why is a brown bag helpful for someone with respiratory
alkalosis to breathe into? Answer: Because they can help return the
CO2 back to their body that they lost from hyperventilating
, ◉ What type of meds are useful for someone in Respiratory
alkalosis? Answer: Minor tranquilizers and anti-anxiety meds such
as Ativan because they are hyperventilating and need help relaxing
◉ What are two common causes for metabolic acidosis? Answer:
Aspirin overdose and prolonged diarrhea
◉ Common cause for metabolic alkalosis: Answer: prolonged
vomiting or gastric suction ---you are eliminating acid from the body
for a prolonged period of time.
The kidneys compensate by dumping...lungs hypoventilate to keep
CO2
◉ When you auscultate cardiac sounds what are you hearing?
Answer: The valves opening and shutting
◉ What is the major purpose of the cardiac system? Answer: to
supply the body with oxygenated blood
◉ Ejection fraction Answer: the amount of blood ejected per
minutes. It is >65mL per minute. You need an effective cardiac
output and ejection fraction to ensure the hear is working well.
