PHGY 216 MIDTERM STUDY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
what is homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER regulation of the internal environment around a physiological
set point
Required by cells and maintained through their specialized functions
How is endocrine system different from other phgy systems - CORRECT ANSWER has glands dispersed
throughout the body
What are the glands of the endocrine system like - CORRECT ANSWER dispersed throughout the body
not connected structurally
form a coordinate system
all secrete hormones
what are the main 4 endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER pituitary
,parathyroid
thyroid
adrenal gland
also hypothalamus
How does the endocrine system work - CORRECT ANSWER uses hormones to make homeostatic
changes
what are 6 functions of the endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER maintain constant internal
environment via regulation of metabolism and H2O/electrolyte balance
adaptive stress response
growth and development
reproduction
RBC production
integrat w the ANS in regulating circ and digestive functions
what are hormones - CORRECT ANSWER chem substances secreted into the blood at low quantity
exert phgy force at a distant target
what are the two main categories of hormones - CORRECT ANSWER hydrophilic
lipophilic
what are hydrophilic hormones like - CORRECT ANSWER highly water sol
low lipid sl
unbound to carrier molec in the plasma
what are types of hydrophilic hormones - CORRECT ANSWER peptides
pro
amines
what are peptides like - CORRECT ANSWER hydrophilic hors
short chains of AAs
dissolved in plasma
how are peptides syn - CORRECT ANSWER pre hor are syn in ER ribos
pre hor travel thru ER and golgi and processed into act hor and packed into secretory vesicles
, these packed hor can be stored until cell recieves appropriate signal
when the signal comes exocytosis of the vesicle and the hor is released into the blood
what are pros - CORRECT ANSWER longer chains of AAs
what are amines - CORRECT ANSWER single AA residues
what are the types of amines - CORRECT ANSWER catecholamines
thyroid
what are catecholamines - CORRECT ANSWER norepinephrine and epinephrine
CAN BE FREE OR BOUND TO CARRIER MOLECULES
What hydrophilic hormone is different than most - CORRECT ANSWER catecholamines
cause can be free or bound to carrier molecules
what amine hors are not hydrophilic - CORRECT ANSWER thyroid
what are lipophilic hor - CORRECT ANSWER lipid loving
hi sol in lipid
low sol in water
req carrier molecule for transport thru out body
what are the types of lipophilic hor - CORRECT ANSWER amine thyroid
steroid
how are steroid hor syn - CORRECT ANSWER ex. cholesterol
prod by tissue (depends on the specific enzymes in the cell of the tissue)
because so lipophilic not stored but released when syn
how do u regulate lipophilic hors - CORRECT ANSWER regulate the synthesis
how do hydrophilic and lipophilic hor differ - CORRECT ANSWER hydrophilic = stored until signal
activates their release
lipophilic = not stored
hydrophilic = not bound to carrier molec in plasma
lipophilic = bound to carrier molec in plasma
what hor are dissolved in plasma - CORRECT ANSWER peptide
what hor are bound to carrier molec - CORRECT ANSWER lipophilic
ANSWERS
what is homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER regulation of the internal environment around a physiological
set point
Required by cells and maintained through their specialized functions
How is endocrine system different from other phgy systems - CORRECT ANSWER has glands dispersed
throughout the body
What are the glands of the endocrine system like - CORRECT ANSWER dispersed throughout the body
not connected structurally
form a coordinate system
all secrete hormones
what are the main 4 endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER pituitary
,parathyroid
thyroid
adrenal gland
also hypothalamus
How does the endocrine system work - CORRECT ANSWER uses hormones to make homeostatic
changes
what are 6 functions of the endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER maintain constant internal
environment via regulation of metabolism and H2O/electrolyte balance
adaptive stress response
growth and development
reproduction
RBC production
integrat w the ANS in regulating circ and digestive functions
what are hormones - CORRECT ANSWER chem substances secreted into the blood at low quantity
exert phgy force at a distant target
what are the two main categories of hormones - CORRECT ANSWER hydrophilic
lipophilic
what are hydrophilic hormones like - CORRECT ANSWER highly water sol
low lipid sl
unbound to carrier molec in the plasma
what are types of hydrophilic hormones - CORRECT ANSWER peptides
pro
amines
what are peptides like - CORRECT ANSWER hydrophilic hors
short chains of AAs
dissolved in plasma
how are peptides syn - CORRECT ANSWER pre hor are syn in ER ribos
pre hor travel thru ER and golgi and processed into act hor and packed into secretory vesicles
, these packed hor can be stored until cell recieves appropriate signal
when the signal comes exocytosis of the vesicle and the hor is released into the blood
what are pros - CORRECT ANSWER longer chains of AAs
what are amines - CORRECT ANSWER single AA residues
what are the types of amines - CORRECT ANSWER catecholamines
thyroid
what are catecholamines - CORRECT ANSWER norepinephrine and epinephrine
CAN BE FREE OR BOUND TO CARRIER MOLECULES
What hydrophilic hormone is different than most - CORRECT ANSWER catecholamines
cause can be free or bound to carrier molecules
what amine hors are not hydrophilic - CORRECT ANSWER thyroid
what are lipophilic hor - CORRECT ANSWER lipid loving
hi sol in lipid
low sol in water
req carrier molecule for transport thru out body
what are the types of lipophilic hor - CORRECT ANSWER amine thyroid
steroid
how are steroid hor syn - CORRECT ANSWER ex. cholesterol
prod by tissue (depends on the specific enzymes in the cell of the tissue)
because so lipophilic not stored but released when syn
how do u regulate lipophilic hors - CORRECT ANSWER regulate the synthesis
how do hydrophilic and lipophilic hor differ - CORRECT ANSWER hydrophilic = stored until signal
activates their release
lipophilic = not stored
hydrophilic = not bound to carrier molec in plasma
lipophilic = bound to carrier molec in plasma
what hor are dissolved in plasma - CORRECT ANSWER peptide
what hor are bound to carrier molec - CORRECT ANSWER lipophilic
