Created By : TestsBanks
INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL
TO ACCOMPANY
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING
AN INTRODUCTION TO GEOMATICS
SIXTEENTH EDITION
Charles D. Ghilani and Paul R. Wolf
TestBank A++
PAGE 1
,Created By : TestsBanks
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 6
2 Units, Significant Figures, and Field Notes ............................................................................ 11
3 Theory of Errors in Observations ........................................................................................... 16
4 Leveling Theory, Methods, and Equipment ............................................................................. 23
5 Leveling — Field Procedures and Computations ................................................................... 30
6 Distance Measurement............................................................................................................ 44
7 Angles, Azimuths, and Bearings ............................................................................................. 51
8 Total Station Instruments; Angle Observations ...................................................................... 58
9 Traversing ............................................................................................................................. 65
10 Traverse Computations ........................................................................................................ 70
11 Coordinate Geometry in Surveying Calculations .................................................................. 82
12 Area ..................................................................................................................................... 89
13 Global Navigation Satellite Systems—Introduction and Principles of Operation ................... 97
14 Global Navigation Satellite Systems—Static Surveys ........................................................ 102
15 Global Navigation Satellite Systems—Kinematic Surveys .................................................. 110
16 Adjustment by Least Squares.............................................................................................. 115
17 Mapping Surveys ............................................................................................................... 128
18 Mapping .............................................................................................................................134
19 Control Surveys and Geodetic Reductions ......................................................................... 142
20 State Plane Coordinates and Other Map Projections ............................................................149
21 Boundary Surveys .............................................................................................................. 164
22 Public Land Surveys .......................................................................................................... 173
23 Construction Surveying ..................................................................................................... 178
24 Horizontal Curves...............................................................................................................187
25 Vertical Curves ................................................................................................................... 204
26 Volumes ............................................................................................................................. 214
27 Photogrammetry ................................................................................................................. 224
28 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems. ............................................................... 236
Part II: Sample Introductory Course ....................................................................................... 248
Sample Syllabus ...................................................................................................................... 249
Sample Practical Exercises .................................................................................................... 252
Sample Quizzes ...................................................................................................................... 256
Quiz 1 .................................................................................................................................... 256
Quiz 2 .................................................................................................................................... 256
Quiz 3 .................................................................................................................................... 257
Quiz 4 .................................................................................................................................... 257
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Quiz 5 .................................................................................................................................... 258
Quiz 6 .................................................................................................................................... 258
Sample Exams ........................................................................................................................ 260
Exam 1 .................................................................................................................................. 260
Exam 2 .................................................................................................................................. 263
Exam 3 .................................................................................................................................. 265
Final Exam ............................................................................................................................ 267
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PART I:
SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Develop your personal definition for the practice of surveying.
Answers will vary by response. See Section 1.1 for book definitions.
1.2 Explain the difference between geodetic and plane surveys.
From Section 1.4,
In geodetic surveys the curved surface of the earth is considered by performing the
computations on an ellipsoid (curve surface approximating the size and shape of the
earth). In plane surveys, except for leveling, the reference base for fieldwork and
computations is assumed to be a flat horizontal surface. The direction of a plumb line
(and thus gravity) is considered parallel throughout the survey region, and all
measured angles are presumed to be plane angles.
1.3 Describe some surveying applications in:
(a) Construction
In construction, surveying is used to locate the precise location of structures such as
roads, buildings, bridges, and so forth. From the FIG definition of surveying, item 11:
"The planning, measurement and management of construction works, including the
estimation of costs. In application of the foregoing activities surveyors take into
account the relevant legal, economic, environmental, and social aspects affecting each
project."
(b) Mining
In mining, surveying is used to direct the locations of mining activities according to a
systematic plan, to make sure mining occurs within the boundaries of the claim, to
connect tunnels and shafts, and to provide legal records of mining activities.
(c) Agriculture
In agriculture, surveying is used to determine the acreage of fields, to locate lines of
constant elevation for strip farming, to track harvesting machinery to enable the size of
TestBank A++
PAGE 4
INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL
TO ACCOMPANY
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING
AN INTRODUCTION TO GEOMATICS
SIXTEENTH EDITION
Charles D. Ghilani and Paul R. Wolf
TestBank A++
PAGE 1
,Created By : TestsBanks
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 6
2 Units, Significant Figures, and Field Notes ............................................................................ 11
3 Theory of Errors in Observations ........................................................................................... 16
4 Leveling Theory, Methods, and Equipment ............................................................................. 23
5 Leveling — Field Procedures and Computations ................................................................... 30
6 Distance Measurement............................................................................................................ 44
7 Angles, Azimuths, and Bearings ............................................................................................. 51
8 Total Station Instruments; Angle Observations ...................................................................... 58
9 Traversing ............................................................................................................................. 65
10 Traverse Computations ........................................................................................................ 70
11 Coordinate Geometry in Surveying Calculations .................................................................. 82
12 Area ..................................................................................................................................... 89
13 Global Navigation Satellite Systems—Introduction and Principles of Operation ................... 97
14 Global Navigation Satellite Systems—Static Surveys ........................................................ 102
15 Global Navigation Satellite Systems—Kinematic Surveys .................................................. 110
16 Adjustment by Least Squares.............................................................................................. 115
17 Mapping Surveys ............................................................................................................... 128
18 Mapping .............................................................................................................................134
19 Control Surveys and Geodetic Reductions ......................................................................... 142
20 State Plane Coordinates and Other Map Projections ............................................................149
21 Boundary Surveys .............................................................................................................. 164
22 Public Land Surveys .......................................................................................................... 173
23 Construction Surveying ..................................................................................................... 178
24 Horizontal Curves...............................................................................................................187
25 Vertical Curves ................................................................................................................... 204
26 Volumes ............................................................................................................................. 214
27 Photogrammetry ................................................................................................................. 224
28 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems. ............................................................... 236
Part II: Sample Introductory Course ....................................................................................... 248
Sample Syllabus ...................................................................................................................... 249
Sample Practical Exercises .................................................................................................... 252
Sample Quizzes ...................................................................................................................... 256
Quiz 1 .................................................................................................................................... 256
Quiz 2 .................................................................................................................................... 256
Quiz 3 .................................................................................................................................... 257
Quiz 4 .................................................................................................................................... 257
TestBank A++
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,Created By : TestsBanks
Quiz 5 .................................................................................................................................... 258
Quiz 6 .................................................................................................................................... 258
Sample Exams ........................................................................................................................ 260
Exam 1 .................................................................................................................................. 260
Exam 2 .................................................................................................................................. 263
Exam 3 .................................................................................................................................. 265
Final Exam ............................................................................................................................ 267
TestBank A++
PAGE 3
, Created By : TestsBanks
PART I:
SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Develop your personal definition for the practice of surveying.
Answers will vary by response. See Section 1.1 for book definitions.
1.2 Explain the difference between geodetic and plane surveys.
From Section 1.4,
In geodetic surveys the curved surface of the earth is considered by performing the
computations on an ellipsoid (curve surface approximating the size and shape of the
earth). In plane surveys, except for leveling, the reference base for fieldwork and
computations is assumed to be a flat horizontal surface. The direction of a plumb line
(and thus gravity) is considered parallel throughout the survey region, and all
measured angles are presumed to be plane angles.
1.3 Describe some surveying applications in:
(a) Construction
In construction, surveying is used to locate the precise location of structures such as
roads, buildings, bridges, and so forth. From the FIG definition of surveying, item 11:
"The planning, measurement and management of construction works, including the
estimation of costs. In application of the foregoing activities surveyors take into
account the relevant legal, economic, environmental, and social aspects affecting each
project."
(b) Mining
In mining, surveying is used to direct the locations of mining activities according to a
systematic plan, to make sure mining occurs within the boundaries of the claim, to
connect tunnels and shafts, and to provide legal records of mining activities.
(c) Agriculture
In agriculture, surveying is used to determine the acreage of fields, to locate lines of
constant elevation for strip farming, to track harvesting machinery to enable the size of
TestBank A++
PAGE 4
