NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGY- EXAM 5
PREPARATION TEST COMMONLY TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+ 2026
Main functions of the respiratory system ANSWER >> (1) deliver oxygen to the cells of
body. (2) remove carbon dioxide from body.
upper respiratory tract ANSWER >> outside chest cavity
(nose, and nasopharynx; down to the larynx).
lower respiratory tract ANSWER >> organs within chest
(trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs).
alveoli ANSWER >> microscopic sacs where oxygen diffuses across and exchanged for
carbon dioxide when a person breathes in air
1
, the diffused oxygen is then taken to the rest of the body through the ANSWER >>
circulatory system
Several common diseases that affect airways and exchange of gas ANSWER >>
asthma, COPD, emphysema, chronic bronchitis
Asthma ANSWER >> general term for recurrent and reversible shortness of breath
resulting from the narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles.
COPD ANSWER >> consists of both emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
emphysema ANSWER >> a disease process involving inflammation of the alveoli.
chronic bronchitis ANSWER >> chronic inflammation or irritation on the lower
respiratory tract, specifically the bronchi.
The primary drugs used in the treatment of both asthma and COPD ANSWER >>
bronchodilators and a variety of anti-inflammatory and antiallergic agents.
All three of these diseases have one primary similarity ANSWER >> they all involve
obstruction of airflow through the airways.
Chemical Mediators ANSWER >> are defined as a substance released from mast cells
and white blood cells during inflammation and allergic reactions. As such, chemical
mediators are responsible for most of the symptoms and complications associated with
asthma and COPD.
The only chemical mediator with a known involvement where drug therapy has been
shown to help patient symptoms is ANSWER >> Leukotrienes
2
PREPARATION TEST COMMONLY TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+ 2026
Main functions of the respiratory system ANSWER >> (1) deliver oxygen to the cells of
body. (2) remove carbon dioxide from body.
upper respiratory tract ANSWER >> outside chest cavity
(nose, and nasopharynx; down to the larynx).
lower respiratory tract ANSWER >> organs within chest
(trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs).
alveoli ANSWER >> microscopic sacs where oxygen diffuses across and exchanged for
carbon dioxide when a person breathes in air
1
, the diffused oxygen is then taken to the rest of the body through the ANSWER >>
circulatory system
Several common diseases that affect airways and exchange of gas ANSWER >>
asthma, COPD, emphysema, chronic bronchitis
Asthma ANSWER >> general term for recurrent and reversible shortness of breath
resulting from the narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles.
COPD ANSWER >> consists of both emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
emphysema ANSWER >> a disease process involving inflammation of the alveoli.
chronic bronchitis ANSWER >> chronic inflammation or irritation on the lower
respiratory tract, specifically the bronchi.
The primary drugs used in the treatment of both asthma and COPD ANSWER >>
bronchodilators and a variety of anti-inflammatory and antiallergic agents.
All three of these diseases have one primary similarity ANSWER >> they all involve
obstruction of airflow through the airways.
Chemical Mediators ANSWER >> are defined as a substance released from mast cells
and white blood cells during inflammation and allergic reactions. As such, chemical
mediators are responsible for most of the symptoms and complications associated with
asthma and COPD.
The only chemical mediator with a known involvement where drug therapy has been
shown to help patient symptoms is ANSWER >> Leukotrienes
2
