PSYC-387 UNL EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027
Consequences of Everyday Judgments of Personality - Answers *Opportunities*:
-employment
-friendships
*Expectancies*:
-*social expectancy effects*: self-fulfilling prophecy (shyness, self-assuredness)
-intellectual expectancy effects
-especially strong when they are:
--held by more than one important person
--held for a long period of time
--negative
Criteria for Accuracy (Personality Judgment) - Answers *predictive validation*:
-behavioral prediction
*convergent validation*:
-inter-judge agreement
-the duck test
(same as that for assessing the validity of a test)
Convergent Validation - Answers multiple sources of information converge to a common
conclusion
-extraversion: fashionable dress, stylish haircut, speaking in a loud voice
-conscientiousness: neatness of bedroom
-handshakes: extraversion and emotional expressiveness; shyness and anxiety
,(criteria for accuracy)
Predictive Validation - Answers can the judgment about a person predict their behavior?
(criteria for accuracy)
Four Moderators of Accuracy - Answers 1. *The Good Judge*
2. *The Good Target*
3. *The Good Trait*
4a&b. *Good Information: quantity and quality*
The Good Judge - Answers -intelligent and conscientious
-not available to conscious awareness
RAM stage relevance:
-detection
-utilization
(some judges are more accurate - they can read people better than others)
The Good Target - Answers -particularly high in males
-related to psychological health and happiness
RAM stage relevance:
-relevance
-availability
(some individuals are easier to judge - some people are open books)
The Good Trait - Answers -easy to observe
, -highly visible
RAM stage relevance:
-availability
-detection
(some traits are easier to judge accurately - visible traits like extraversion are easier than
neuroticism)
Good Information - Answers 4a. *quantity*
-the *acquaintanceship effect*
-boundary: they only know you in a certain context (if friend has never seen you at work, they
may not know how you behave at work)
4b. *quality*
-situational specificity: weak vs strong situations
-relevant vs irrelevant situations
-*better information: weak and relevant situations*
RAM stage relevance:
-availability
-detection
(more and better information will lead to more accurate judgments)
Acquaintanceship Effect - Answers Judgments made by people who know us are better than
people people who don't
-because of more information
2026/2027
Consequences of Everyday Judgments of Personality - Answers *Opportunities*:
-employment
-friendships
*Expectancies*:
-*social expectancy effects*: self-fulfilling prophecy (shyness, self-assuredness)
-intellectual expectancy effects
-especially strong when they are:
--held by more than one important person
--held for a long period of time
--negative
Criteria for Accuracy (Personality Judgment) - Answers *predictive validation*:
-behavioral prediction
*convergent validation*:
-inter-judge agreement
-the duck test
(same as that for assessing the validity of a test)
Convergent Validation - Answers multiple sources of information converge to a common
conclusion
-extraversion: fashionable dress, stylish haircut, speaking in a loud voice
-conscientiousness: neatness of bedroom
-handshakes: extraversion and emotional expressiveness; shyness and anxiety
,(criteria for accuracy)
Predictive Validation - Answers can the judgment about a person predict their behavior?
(criteria for accuracy)
Four Moderators of Accuracy - Answers 1. *The Good Judge*
2. *The Good Target*
3. *The Good Trait*
4a&b. *Good Information: quantity and quality*
The Good Judge - Answers -intelligent and conscientious
-not available to conscious awareness
RAM stage relevance:
-detection
-utilization
(some judges are more accurate - they can read people better than others)
The Good Target - Answers -particularly high in males
-related to psychological health and happiness
RAM stage relevance:
-relevance
-availability
(some individuals are easier to judge - some people are open books)
The Good Trait - Answers -easy to observe
, -highly visible
RAM stage relevance:
-availability
-detection
(some traits are easier to judge accurately - visible traits like extraversion are easier than
neuroticism)
Good Information - Answers 4a. *quantity*
-the *acquaintanceship effect*
-boundary: they only know you in a certain context (if friend has never seen you at work, they
may not know how you behave at work)
4b. *quality*
-situational specificity: weak vs strong situations
-relevant vs irrelevant situations
-*better information: weak and relevant situations*
RAM stage relevance:
-availability
-detection
(more and better information will lead to more accurate judgments)
Acquaintanceship Effect - Answers Judgments made by people who know us are better than
people people who don't
-because of more information
