NUR 134 TEST 5 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027
ventilation - Answers "breathing"
inspiration (inhalation)
expiration (exhalation)
lung compliance - Answers degree of elasticity or expandability of lungs
airway resistance - Answers impedance of airflow through anatomical airways
accessory muscles - Answers muscles in abdomen, neck, and back are used to facilitate and
maintain respiratory movement when breathing is difficult
"retractions"
lung volume - Answers measured with pulmonary function tests, spirometry
pressures - Answers gases move into and out of lungs through pressure changes
diffusion - Answers movement of gas molecules from greater pressure/concentration to lower
pressure/concentration
depends on functioning alveolar system
atelectasis - Answers collapse of alveoli prevents proper exchange of gases
surfactant reduces surface tension between alveoli to help prevent collapse
perfusion - Answers blood flow/delivery of oxygen to the lungs and body tissues
depends on properly functioning cardiovascular system
amount of blood flow through the lungs is a factor in amount of O2 and other gases exchanged
heart rate (HR) - Answers number of times the ventricles contract each minute
stroke volume (SV) - Answers amount of blood ejected from the Left ventricle during each
systole
,cardiac output (CO) - Answers stroke volume (SV) X heart rate (HR)
volume of blood in Liters ejected by heart per minute
tachypnea - Answers increased respirations
> 20
bradypnea - Answers decreased respirations
< 12
Kussmaul's respirations - Answers abnormally deep, very rapid sighing type of respirations
ex. diabetic ketoacidosis
ataxic respirations - Answers uncoordinated respiratory patterns (no coordination in rate or
depth)
ex. stroke or trauma
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - Answers alternating periods of apnea and deep rapid breathing
ex. heart failure
chest retraction - Answers visible sinking in soft tissues of chest between and around firmer
tissue and cartilaginous and bony ribs
sign of respiratory distress
paradoxical breathing - Answers asynchronous breathing (not simultaneous)
chest contraction during inspiration and expansion during expiration
increased anteroposterior diameter - Answers "barrel chest"
large and rounded thorax
, ex. COPD
hypoventilation - Answers ventilation is inadequate to meet body's oxygen demand or to
eliminate CO2
- as ventilation decreases, PaCO2 is elevated
- decreased/shallow respirations
- can lead to hypoxia/hypoxemia
- caused by respiratory disorders/impairment
(atelectasis)
hyperventilation - Answers rate and depth of ventilation are increased leading to excess
amounts of CO2 elimination
- increased/deep respirations, elevated HR
- feel dizzy, lightheaded, weak
- caused by anxiety, infection, fever, acid-base
imbalance
hypoxemia - Answers deficient oxygenation of blood
- caused by respiratory disorder
- tested with arterial blood gases (ABGs) or
pulse ox (always report less than 93%)
- anxiety/restlessness, inability to concentrate,
increased HR/RR/BP, dysrhythmias
hypoxia - Answers inadequate amount of oxygen available for body tissues (cells)
- caused by hypoxemia, impaired
cardiopulmonary system, anemia
ventilation - Answers "breathing"
inspiration (inhalation)
expiration (exhalation)
lung compliance - Answers degree of elasticity or expandability of lungs
airway resistance - Answers impedance of airflow through anatomical airways
accessory muscles - Answers muscles in abdomen, neck, and back are used to facilitate and
maintain respiratory movement when breathing is difficult
"retractions"
lung volume - Answers measured with pulmonary function tests, spirometry
pressures - Answers gases move into and out of lungs through pressure changes
diffusion - Answers movement of gas molecules from greater pressure/concentration to lower
pressure/concentration
depends on functioning alveolar system
atelectasis - Answers collapse of alveoli prevents proper exchange of gases
surfactant reduces surface tension between alveoli to help prevent collapse
perfusion - Answers blood flow/delivery of oxygen to the lungs and body tissues
depends on properly functioning cardiovascular system
amount of blood flow through the lungs is a factor in amount of O2 and other gases exchanged
heart rate (HR) - Answers number of times the ventricles contract each minute
stroke volume (SV) - Answers amount of blood ejected from the Left ventricle during each
systole
,cardiac output (CO) - Answers stroke volume (SV) X heart rate (HR)
volume of blood in Liters ejected by heart per minute
tachypnea - Answers increased respirations
> 20
bradypnea - Answers decreased respirations
< 12
Kussmaul's respirations - Answers abnormally deep, very rapid sighing type of respirations
ex. diabetic ketoacidosis
ataxic respirations - Answers uncoordinated respiratory patterns (no coordination in rate or
depth)
ex. stroke or trauma
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - Answers alternating periods of apnea and deep rapid breathing
ex. heart failure
chest retraction - Answers visible sinking in soft tissues of chest between and around firmer
tissue and cartilaginous and bony ribs
sign of respiratory distress
paradoxical breathing - Answers asynchronous breathing (not simultaneous)
chest contraction during inspiration and expansion during expiration
increased anteroposterior diameter - Answers "barrel chest"
large and rounded thorax
, ex. COPD
hypoventilation - Answers ventilation is inadequate to meet body's oxygen demand or to
eliminate CO2
- as ventilation decreases, PaCO2 is elevated
- decreased/shallow respirations
- can lead to hypoxia/hypoxemia
- caused by respiratory disorders/impairment
(atelectasis)
hyperventilation - Answers rate and depth of ventilation are increased leading to excess
amounts of CO2 elimination
- increased/deep respirations, elevated HR
- feel dizzy, lightheaded, weak
- caused by anxiety, infection, fever, acid-base
imbalance
hypoxemia - Answers deficient oxygenation of blood
- caused by respiratory disorder
- tested with arterial blood gases (ABGs) or
pulse ox (always report less than 93%)
- anxiety/restlessness, inability to concentrate,
increased HR/RR/BP, dysrhythmias
hypoxia - Answers inadequate amount of oxygen available for body tissues (cells)
- caused by hypoxemia, impaired
cardiopulmonary system, anemia
