UNMC Patho Exam 1 Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
Nutrition [ Ans: ] The process of taking in and using food
for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body
includes ingestion, digestion, absorption, and metabolism
Inflammation [ Ans: ] adaptive response of the body to
injury or illness
How many functions is the liver responsible for? [ Ans: ]
about 500
Lobule [ Ans: ] The functional unit of the liver
Hepatocytes [ Ans: ] liver cells that produce and secrete
bile
Bile [ Ans: ] stimulates peristalsis and breaks down fats in
the intestine
How many hepatocytes are in the liver? [ Ans: ] lots - like
nephrons in the kidneys
Canaliculus [ Ans: ] channel between hepatocytes that
drain bile into the common bile duct -> into the
duodenum and gallbladder
Pleural form of canaliculus [ Ans: ] canaliculi
,Hepatic Artery [ Ans: ] carries oxygenated blood into the
liver
to oxygenate and bring nutrients to the liver
Portal Vein [ Ans: ] UNIQUE - vein that brings nutrients
carries UNoxygenated blood to the liver that is
HIGH in nutrients from the GI tract ->
provides energy for liver functions
Hepatic Vein [ Ans: ] Carries blood from sinusoids to the
inferior vena cava
Sinusoids [ Ans: ] capillaries between hepatocytes ->
carry blood to hepatic vein
Kupffer cells [ Ans: ] line sinusoids
act as macrophages to destroy old WBCs, RBCs, and
bacteria
How is bilirubin formed? [ Ans: ] Old erythrocytes (RBCs)
break down in the bloodstream -->
produces bilirubin in the blood
This bilirubin is UNconjugated, FAT=soluble
,What happens to UNconjugated bilirubin in the liver? [
Ans: ] Blood brings the UNconjugated bilirubin to the liver
-->
UNconjugated bilirubin circulates through the liver and is
conjugated by hepatocytes
In hepatocytes, Unconjugated bilirubin is conjugated
Why does bilirubin need to be conjugated? [ Ans: ]
UNconjugated bilirubin is fat-soluble, so would be
reabsorbed in the duodenum, NOT excreted
Conjugated bilirubin is water-soluble, so it will be
excreted in the feces
What lab test detects UNconjugated Bilirubin? [ Ans: ]
Indirect bilirubin test
What lab test detects Conjugated Bilirubin? [ Ans: ] Direct
bilirubin test
Where does Conjugated bilirubin go from the hepatocytes?
[ Ans: ] The conjugated biliruben goes from the
hepatocytes into BILE
The bile is sent via the hepatic duct to the duodenum
(intestine -> where bile is used to stimulate peristalsis &
break down fats)
, What happens to the conjugated bilirubin once it is in the
intestine? [ Ans: ] The conjugated bilirubin is converted
into urobilinogen
The urobilinogen is excreted via feces - giving it the
brown color
Urobilinogen [ Ans: ] gives:
Stool brown color,
Urine yellow color
Bruises green/yellow colors
Bile contains [ Ans: ] water
elytes
bile acids
cholesterol
bilirubin
What does bile drain into? [ Ans: ] duodenum of the small
intestine
What happens to most bile acids that are secreted into the
duodenum? [ Ans: ] reabsorbed back into the blood
Recycled to be used again
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
Nutrition [ Ans: ] The process of taking in and using food
for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body
includes ingestion, digestion, absorption, and metabolism
Inflammation [ Ans: ] adaptive response of the body to
injury or illness
How many functions is the liver responsible for? [ Ans: ]
about 500
Lobule [ Ans: ] The functional unit of the liver
Hepatocytes [ Ans: ] liver cells that produce and secrete
bile
Bile [ Ans: ] stimulates peristalsis and breaks down fats in
the intestine
How many hepatocytes are in the liver? [ Ans: ] lots - like
nephrons in the kidneys
Canaliculus [ Ans: ] channel between hepatocytes that
drain bile into the common bile duct -> into the
duodenum and gallbladder
Pleural form of canaliculus [ Ans: ] canaliculi
,Hepatic Artery [ Ans: ] carries oxygenated blood into the
liver
to oxygenate and bring nutrients to the liver
Portal Vein [ Ans: ] UNIQUE - vein that brings nutrients
carries UNoxygenated blood to the liver that is
HIGH in nutrients from the GI tract ->
provides energy for liver functions
Hepatic Vein [ Ans: ] Carries blood from sinusoids to the
inferior vena cava
Sinusoids [ Ans: ] capillaries between hepatocytes ->
carry blood to hepatic vein
Kupffer cells [ Ans: ] line sinusoids
act as macrophages to destroy old WBCs, RBCs, and
bacteria
How is bilirubin formed? [ Ans: ] Old erythrocytes (RBCs)
break down in the bloodstream -->
produces bilirubin in the blood
This bilirubin is UNconjugated, FAT=soluble
,What happens to UNconjugated bilirubin in the liver? [
Ans: ] Blood brings the UNconjugated bilirubin to the liver
-->
UNconjugated bilirubin circulates through the liver and is
conjugated by hepatocytes
In hepatocytes, Unconjugated bilirubin is conjugated
Why does bilirubin need to be conjugated? [ Ans: ]
UNconjugated bilirubin is fat-soluble, so would be
reabsorbed in the duodenum, NOT excreted
Conjugated bilirubin is water-soluble, so it will be
excreted in the feces
What lab test detects UNconjugated Bilirubin? [ Ans: ]
Indirect bilirubin test
What lab test detects Conjugated Bilirubin? [ Ans: ] Direct
bilirubin test
Where does Conjugated bilirubin go from the hepatocytes?
[ Ans: ] The conjugated biliruben goes from the
hepatocytes into BILE
The bile is sent via the hepatic duct to the duodenum
(intestine -> where bile is used to stimulate peristalsis &
break down fats)
, What happens to the conjugated bilirubin once it is in the
intestine? [ Ans: ] The conjugated bilirubin is converted
into urobilinogen
The urobilinogen is excreted via feces - giving it the
brown color
Urobilinogen [ Ans: ] gives:
Stool brown color,
Urine yellow color
Bruises green/yellow colors
Bile contains [ Ans: ] water
elytes
bile acids
cholesterol
bilirubin
What does bile drain into? [ Ans: ] duodenum of the small
intestine
What happens to most bile acids that are secreted into the
duodenum? [ Ans: ] reabsorbed back into the blood
Recycled to be used again
