LANGE Q&A Radiography Examination,(2025-2026)
Deterministic (nonstochastic)
What type of dose-response relationship is characterized by an early response to a high-dose
experience?
Stochastic (probabilistic)
What type of dose-response relationship is characterized by a late response to low-dose experiences?
LET (linear energy transfer)
What is described as a measure of the rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft
tissue?
Genetic effects, radiation-induced cancer, leukemia
What are two examples of radiation-induced conditions that follow a linear nonthreshold dose-response
relationship?
Nonlinear (sigmoid), threshold dose response
Skin effects that result from fluoroscopic experience follow what type of dose-response relationship?
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
What type of effects are described as: "those biologic somatic effects of ionizing radiation that exhibit
threshold dose below which the effect does not normally occur and above which the severity of the
biologic damage increases?
,DNA
What is the cellular component having the greatest radiobiological signigicance?
Oxygen increases radiosensitivity
What effect does the presence of oxygen have on radiosensitivity?
Alpha
Which of the following ionizing radiations has the highest LET?
ALPHA
BETA
GAMMA
Acute radiation syndrome
What is the term used to describe the human sequence of events following high-level radiation
experience, and leading to death in a short time?
Hematological, gastrointestinal, and CNS (central nervous system)
List three major types of acute radiation syndrome.
Hematological
Which of the three types of acute radiation syndrome requires the least amount of ionizing radiation
dose to occur?
,G-1
x-1
A-20
What is the Wr for
GAMMA
x
ALPHA?
Low energy and low LET
Describe the energy and LET of occupational radiation.
Skin, lens of the eyes, chromosomes
Give two examples of common local tissues that can be affected by ionizing radiation.
Skin
Erythema can be an effect of excessive ionizing radiation experience to what body part?
Gonads, lungs, liver, skin
List the following in order of decreasing radiosensitivity: skin, lungs, gonads, liver
Somatic
Radiation-induced biologic damage to living organisms is termed __________ effects.
, Deterministic
Nonstochastic effects may also be referred to as _________ effecsts.
LENS OF THE EYES (annual) - 150 mSv
EMBRYO/FETUS (1 month) - 0.5 mSv
THYROID (annual) - 500 mSv
SKIN, HANDS, AND FEET (annual) - 500 mSv
GONADS (annual) - 50 mSv
Fill in the NCRP-recommended dose limits:
LENS OF THE EYES (annual)
EMBRYO/FETUS (1 month)
THYROID (annual)
SKIN, HANDS, AND FEET (annual)
GONADS (annual)
Early, or short-term, effects
Somatic effects that occur within minutes, hours, days, or weeks after initial irradiation are termed
____________.
100 rad (1 Gy)
What minimum radiation dose is required in order for acute radiation syndrome (ARS) to occur?
Increases
The latent period (in ARS) decreases as radiation experience ________.
Deterministic (nonstochastic)
What type of dose-response relationship is characterized by an early response to a high-dose
experience?
Stochastic (probabilistic)
What type of dose-response relationship is characterized by a late response to low-dose experiences?
LET (linear energy transfer)
What is described as a measure of the rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft
tissue?
Genetic effects, radiation-induced cancer, leukemia
What are two examples of radiation-induced conditions that follow a linear nonthreshold dose-response
relationship?
Nonlinear (sigmoid), threshold dose response
Skin effects that result from fluoroscopic experience follow what type of dose-response relationship?
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
What type of effects are described as: "those biologic somatic effects of ionizing radiation that exhibit
threshold dose below which the effect does not normally occur and above which the severity of the
biologic damage increases?
,DNA
What is the cellular component having the greatest radiobiological signigicance?
Oxygen increases radiosensitivity
What effect does the presence of oxygen have on radiosensitivity?
Alpha
Which of the following ionizing radiations has the highest LET?
ALPHA
BETA
GAMMA
Acute radiation syndrome
What is the term used to describe the human sequence of events following high-level radiation
experience, and leading to death in a short time?
Hematological, gastrointestinal, and CNS (central nervous system)
List three major types of acute radiation syndrome.
Hematological
Which of the three types of acute radiation syndrome requires the least amount of ionizing radiation
dose to occur?
,G-1
x-1
A-20
What is the Wr for
GAMMA
x
ALPHA?
Low energy and low LET
Describe the energy and LET of occupational radiation.
Skin, lens of the eyes, chromosomes
Give two examples of common local tissues that can be affected by ionizing radiation.
Skin
Erythema can be an effect of excessive ionizing radiation experience to what body part?
Gonads, lungs, liver, skin
List the following in order of decreasing radiosensitivity: skin, lungs, gonads, liver
Somatic
Radiation-induced biologic damage to living organisms is termed __________ effects.
, Deterministic
Nonstochastic effects may also be referred to as _________ effecsts.
LENS OF THE EYES (annual) - 150 mSv
EMBRYO/FETUS (1 month) - 0.5 mSv
THYROID (annual) - 500 mSv
SKIN, HANDS, AND FEET (annual) - 500 mSv
GONADS (annual) - 50 mSv
Fill in the NCRP-recommended dose limits:
LENS OF THE EYES (annual)
EMBRYO/FETUS (1 month)
THYROID (annual)
SKIN, HANDS, AND FEET (annual)
GONADS (annual)
Early, or short-term, effects
Somatic effects that occur within minutes, hours, days, or weeks after initial irradiation are termed
____________.
100 rad (1 Gy)
What minimum radiation dose is required in order for acute radiation syndrome (ARS) to occur?
Increases
The latent period (in ARS) decreases as radiation experience ________.
