BIOL 203 NUTRITION ASSESSMENT FINAL
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⩥ You have a planar bilayer with equal amounts of saturated and
unsaturated phospholipids. You record the degree of permeability of this
membrane to glucose and find that there was some permeability. What
would happen if you increased the proportion of saturated phospholipids
in the bilayer? This bilayer. Answer: is less permeable to glucose now
⩥ What might you expect about the movement of Na+ and/or glucose
about the cell membrane with a GLUT-1 membrane protein and high
concentrations of Na+ and glucose outside the cell? Answer: Glucose
would likely move from the outside of the cell to the inside
⩥ The human stomach contains a natural, carbohydrate-based antibiotic
that probably protects a largeportion of the population from various
diseases caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Thisbacterium has
been linked to peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer. This naturally
occurringantibiotic is described by researchers as having a terminal α-1,
4-linked N-acetylglucosamine(NAG), and it acts by inhibiting the
biosynthesis of a major component of the cell wall in H.pylori.
Researchers created a glycoprotein with a terminal NAG (that is, a
protein with NAGattached to its end). Their hypothesis is that the
terminal NAG, and not the protein component, isresponsible for the
damage to the cell wall in H. pylori. What would be the most
,appropriatecontrol for testing this hypothesis? Answer: Grow H. pylori
in a test tube with a glycoprotein that has its terminal NAG removed
⩥ The water molecule has many unique properties attributing to its
importance to life. The partial, negative charge at one end of a water
molecule is attached to the partial positive charge of another water
molecule. What is this attraction called? Answer: Hydrogen bond
⩥ Normal hemoglobin is a termer, consisting of two molecules of B-
globin and two molecules a-globin. In sickle cell disease, as a result of a
single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate
with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information
alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits... Answer:
Altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary
and tertiary structures may or may not be altered
⩥ Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the
covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to
DNA molecules treated with these enzymes? Answer: The
phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be
broken
⩥ What family of macromolecules does sucrose belong to? Answer:
Carbohydrates
,⩥ What bond holds the monomers of carbohydrates together? Answer:
Glycosidic linkages/bonds
⩥ Water molecules can adhere to biological surfaces such as cell
membranes and extracellular matrices. What explains the significance of
this adhesion? Answer: Adhesion via hydrogen bonding to polar groups
maintains hydration and proper membrane function
⩥ Bacteria, insects, and plants use carbohydrates to build structures.
What is true of a structural carbohydrate? Answer: Structural
carbohydrates are long strands, which are chemically linked into a
network
⩥ Proteins that interact with DNA often interact with the phosphates that
are part of this molecule. Which type of amino acid would you predict to
be present in the part of the protein that interacts with the phosphates in
DNA? Answer: Basic Amino acids
⩥ If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases of 5'-
TATTCGA-3', the complementary strand sequence would read...
Answer: 5'-TCGAATA-3'
⩥ A mutation occurs in the middle portion of a DNA molecule, where an
adenine replaces a cytosine. What impact do you think this will have on
the DNA structure? Answer: Adenine is larger than cytosine and will not
, be able to base pair properly with the guanine on the opposing strand.
This will cause the DNA to bulge
⩥ small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) play a key role in RNA
splicing by catalyzing the cutting of RNA molecules. Which bonds are
being broken during this process? Answer: phosphodiester linkages
between nucleotides
⩥ Both starch and cellulose are found in plants. However, enzymes that
readily break starch apart cannot hydrolyze the bonds found in cellulose.
Why is this logical? Answer: The geometry of the bonds is different, and
the shapes of enzyme active sites are highly specific
⩥ Read the following sentences, and then choose one option below:
"In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the cause of muscle mass
loss after nerve damage is an increase in the protein TRB3."
"In this study, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with an antibody
that blocks the enzymatic activity of protein PAPP-A will reduce
atherosclerotic plaque progression."
"In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is
caused by misfolded prion proteins (PrPSc) and leads to rapid
neurodegeneration." Answer: 1 is a hypothesis, but 2 is a prediction
⩥ Suppose a cell contains the enzymes sucrase and fructose, and sucrose
is introduced into the cell. Predict what would happen to the
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TEST BANK SOLVED
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⩥ You have a planar bilayer with equal amounts of saturated and
unsaturated phospholipids. You record the degree of permeability of this
membrane to glucose and find that there was some permeability. What
would happen if you increased the proportion of saturated phospholipids
in the bilayer? This bilayer. Answer: is less permeable to glucose now
⩥ What might you expect about the movement of Na+ and/or glucose
about the cell membrane with a GLUT-1 membrane protein and high
concentrations of Na+ and glucose outside the cell? Answer: Glucose
would likely move from the outside of the cell to the inside
⩥ The human stomach contains a natural, carbohydrate-based antibiotic
that probably protects a largeportion of the population from various
diseases caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Thisbacterium has
been linked to peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer. This naturally
occurringantibiotic is described by researchers as having a terminal α-1,
4-linked N-acetylglucosamine(NAG), and it acts by inhibiting the
biosynthesis of a major component of the cell wall in H.pylori.
Researchers created a glycoprotein with a terminal NAG (that is, a
protein with NAGattached to its end). Their hypothesis is that the
terminal NAG, and not the protein component, isresponsible for the
damage to the cell wall in H. pylori. What would be the most
,appropriatecontrol for testing this hypothesis? Answer: Grow H. pylori
in a test tube with a glycoprotein that has its terminal NAG removed
⩥ The water molecule has many unique properties attributing to its
importance to life. The partial, negative charge at one end of a water
molecule is attached to the partial positive charge of another water
molecule. What is this attraction called? Answer: Hydrogen bond
⩥ Normal hemoglobin is a termer, consisting of two molecules of B-
globin and two molecules a-globin. In sickle cell disease, as a result of a
single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate
with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information
alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits... Answer:
Altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary
and tertiary structures may or may not be altered
⩥ Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the
covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to
DNA molecules treated with these enzymes? Answer: The
phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be
broken
⩥ What family of macromolecules does sucrose belong to? Answer:
Carbohydrates
,⩥ What bond holds the monomers of carbohydrates together? Answer:
Glycosidic linkages/bonds
⩥ Water molecules can adhere to biological surfaces such as cell
membranes and extracellular matrices. What explains the significance of
this adhesion? Answer: Adhesion via hydrogen bonding to polar groups
maintains hydration and proper membrane function
⩥ Bacteria, insects, and plants use carbohydrates to build structures.
What is true of a structural carbohydrate? Answer: Structural
carbohydrates are long strands, which are chemically linked into a
network
⩥ Proteins that interact with DNA often interact with the phosphates that
are part of this molecule. Which type of amino acid would you predict to
be present in the part of the protein that interacts with the phosphates in
DNA? Answer: Basic Amino acids
⩥ If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases of 5'-
TATTCGA-3', the complementary strand sequence would read...
Answer: 5'-TCGAATA-3'
⩥ A mutation occurs in the middle portion of a DNA molecule, where an
adenine replaces a cytosine. What impact do you think this will have on
the DNA structure? Answer: Adenine is larger than cytosine and will not
, be able to base pair properly with the guanine on the opposing strand.
This will cause the DNA to bulge
⩥ small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) play a key role in RNA
splicing by catalyzing the cutting of RNA molecules. Which bonds are
being broken during this process? Answer: phosphodiester linkages
between nucleotides
⩥ Both starch and cellulose are found in plants. However, enzymes that
readily break starch apart cannot hydrolyze the bonds found in cellulose.
Why is this logical? Answer: The geometry of the bonds is different, and
the shapes of enzyme active sites are highly specific
⩥ Read the following sentences, and then choose one option below:
"In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the cause of muscle mass
loss after nerve damage is an increase in the protein TRB3."
"In this study, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with an antibody
that blocks the enzymatic activity of protein PAPP-A will reduce
atherosclerotic plaque progression."
"In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is
caused by misfolded prion proteins (PrPSc) and leads to rapid
neurodegeneration." Answer: 1 is a hypothesis, but 2 is a prediction
⩥ Suppose a cell contains the enzymes sucrase and fructose, and sucrose
is introduced into the cell. Predict what would happen to the
