PSYC 355 UNIT 3 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027
Need for Affiliation - Answers desire to establish and maintain many rewarding interpersonal
relationships
Loneliness - Answers Feeling of deprivation about existing social relations
Proximity Effect - Answers the theory that the closer you are to another person in geographical distance,
the greater the probability that you will grow to like or even love the person
The Mere Exposure Effect - Answers the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases
liking of them
"what is beautiful is good" stereotype - Answers the belief that attractive people are superior in most
ways
Two-Stage Model of Attraction Process - Answers We first avoid those that are dissimilar then those who
remain we are drawn to those that are most similar
Matching hypothesis - Answers the tendency to develop relationships with people who are
approximately as attractive as we are
Reciprocity - Answers Mutual exchange between what we give and receive-- liking those that like us
Hard-to-get effect - Answers the tendency to prefer people who are highly selective in their social
choices over those who are more readily available
Intimate relationships - Answers a close relationship between two adults involving emotional
attachment, fulfillment of psychological needs, or interdependence
Social Exchange Theory - Answers the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of
which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
Equity Theory - Answers a theory that states that people will be motivated when they perceive that they
are being treated fairly
Exchange Relationships - Answers Relationships governed by the need for equity (i.e., for an equal ratio
of rewards and costs)
Communal Relationships - Answers relationships in which people's primary concern is being responsive
to the other person's needs
Attachment Style - Answers the way a person typically interacts with significant others
Triangular Theory of Love - Answers intimacy, passion, commitment can be combined to produce 8
subtypes
Passionate Love - Answers romantic love characterized by high arousal, intense attraction, and fear of
rejection
Companionate love - Answers a secure, trusting, stable partnership
, Excitation Transfer - Answers the process whereby arousal caused by one stimulus is added to arousal
from a second stimulus and the combined arousal is attributed to the second stimulus
Self-disclosure - Answers revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Sexual Orientation - Answers a person's romantic and emotional attraction to another person
Prosocial Behaviors - Answers Actions intended to benefit others
Kin selection - Answers Preferential helping of genetic relatives which result in the greater likelihood
that genes held in common will survive
Reciprocal altruism - Answers Altruism involves an individual helping another and becoming more likely
to receive help from the other in return
ex. A helps B so B helps A
Indirect reciprocity - Answers Kind of reciprocal altruism in which an individual who helps someone
becomes more likely to receive help from someone else
ex. A helps B, and C sees this so C helps A
Empathy - Answers Understanding or vicariously experiencing amount individual's perspective and
feeling sympathy and compassion for that individual
People are more likely to help someone in an emergency if the potential rewards seem high and
potential costs seem low - Answers TRUE
Negative State Relief Model - Answers Proposition that people help others in order to counteract their
own feelings of sadness
Egoistic - Answers Motivated by desire to improve one's own welfare
Altruistic - Answers Motivated by desire to improve another's welfare
Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis - Answers Proposition that empathic concern for a person in need
produces an altruistic motive for helping
- When motive is egoistic helping would decline if it's easy for for individual to escape
-When motive is altruistic help will be given regardless
In an emergency a person who needs help has a much better chance of getting it if 3 people are present
than if only one other person is present - Answers FALSE
Bystander effect - Answers Effect whereby the presence of others inhibits helping
Need for Affiliation - Answers desire to establish and maintain many rewarding interpersonal
relationships
Loneliness - Answers Feeling of deprivation about existing social relations
Proximity Effect - Answers the theory that the closer you are to another person in geographical distance,
the greater the probability that you will grow to like or even love the person
The Mere Exposure Effect - Answers the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases
liking of them
"what is beautiful is good" stereotype - Answers the belief that attractive people are superior in most
ways
Two-Stage Model of Attraction Process - Answers We first avoid those that are dissimilar then those who
remain we are drawn to those that are most similar
Matching hypothesis - Answers the tendency to develop relationships with people who are
approximately as attractive as we are
Reciprocity - Answers Mutual exchange between what we give and receive-- liking those that like us
Hard-to-get effect - Answers the tendency to prefer people who are highly selective in their social
choices over those who are more readily available
Intimate relationships - Answers a close relationship between two adults involving emotional
attachment, fulfillment of psychological needs, or interdependence
Social Exchange Theory - Answers the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of
which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
Equity Theory - Answers a theory that states that people will be motivated when they perceive that they
are being treated fairly
Exchange Relationships - Answers Relationships governed by the need for equity (i.e., for an equal ratio
of rewards and costs)
Communal Relationships - Answers relationships in which people's primary concern is being responsive
to the other person's needs
Attachment Style - Answers the way a person typically interacts with significant others
Triangular Theory of Love - Answers intimacy, passion, commitment can be combined to produce 8
subtypes
Passionate Love - Answers romantic love characterized by high arousal, intense attraction, and fear of
rejection
Companionate love - Answers a secure, trusting, stable partnership
, Excitation Transfer - Answers the process whereby arousal caused by one stimulus is added to arousal
from a second stimulus and the combined arousal is attributed to the second stimulus
Self-disclosure - Answers revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Sexual Orientation - Answers a person's romantic and emotional attraction to another person
Prosocial Behaviors - Answers Actions intended to benefit others
Kin selection - Answers Preferential helping of genetic relatives which result in the greater likelihood
that genes held in common will survive
Reciprocal altruism - Answers Altruism involves an individual helping another and becoming more likely
to receive help from the other in return
ex. A helps B so B helps A
Indirect reciprocity - Answers Kind of reciprocal altruism in which an individual who helps someone
becomes more likely to receive help from someone else
ex. A helps B, and C sees this so C helps A
Empathy - Answers Understanding or vicariously experiencing amount individual's perspective and
feeling sympathy and compassion for that individual
People are more likely to help someone in an emergency if the potential rewards seem high and
potential costs seem low - Answers TRUE
Negative State Relief Model - Answers Proposition that people help others in order to counteract their
own feelings of sadness
Egoistic - Answers Motivated by desire to improve one's own welfare
Altruistic - Answers Motivated by desire to improve another's welfare
Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis - Answers Proposition that empathic concern for a person in need
produces an altruistic motive for helping
- When motive is egoistic helping would decline if it's easy for for individual to escape
-When motive is altruistic help will be given regardless
In an emergency a person who needs help has a much better chance of getting it if 3 people are present
than if only one other person is present - Answers FALSE
Bystander effect - Answers Effect whereby the presence of others inhibits helping
