nur 111 - Davis - Left and Right Heart Failure-
Complete Exam Study Guide 2025/2026 -
Accurate Questions and Detailed Verified
Answers with Rationale | 100% Guaranteed
Pass (Latest Version)
This comprehensive study guide is designed for students preparing for their exams in
2025/2026. It includes a collection of complete questions across various subjects,
accompanied by accurate, detailed answers, and rationales that ensure a full understanding
of each concept. The guide covers a wide array of topics, from healthcare ethics and patient
care to clinical interventions and nursing practice. With a 100% guaranteed pass, this latest
version of the study guide helps students tackle complex exam questions and gain a deeper
insight into the subject matter, equipping them with the tools necessary for academic and
professional success.
The rationale provided with each answer not only helps you understand the "what" but also
the "why" behind the correct response, reinforcing your critical thinking and application skills.
This guide is updated to reflect the most current trends in the healthcare field, ensuring that
you are well-prepared for your exams. Whether you are studying for nursing exams,
certifications, or clinical rotations, this guide provides a solid foundation for your academic
journey.
Key Features:
• Complete Questions & Answers: Covers a wide range of topics, ensuring you're well-
prepared for every aspect of your exam.
• Detailed Rationales: Helps you understand why a specific answer is correct, enhancing
your critical thinking and retention.
• 100% Guaranteed Pass: Thoroughly updated to reflect current exam content,
guaranteeing success.
• Latest Version: Content updated to match the latest academic standards and industry
best practices.
,Key Terms:
1. Patient Assessment
2. Clinical Interventions
3. Evidence-Based Practice
4. Healthcare Ethics
5. Nursing Diagnosis
6. Patient-Centered Care
7. Pain Management
8. Chronic Illness Management
9. Healthcare Policies
10. Professional Development
Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when providing care to a client who
is diagnosed with left-sided heart failure? Select all that apply.
Dyspnea
Hepatomegaly
Fatigue
Ascites
Crackles noted on lung auscultation
Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when providing care to a client who
is diagnosed with right-sided heart failure? Select all that apply.
Weak pulses
Dependent edema
Delayed capillary refill
Jugular vein distention
Wheezes noted on lung auscultation
,Which client should be classified, according to the American Heart Association and American
College of Cardiology, as stage C?
A client with risk factors but no left ventricular impairment
A client with impaired left ventricular function
A client with current symptoms of heart failure
A client requiring inotropic support
Which medications should the nurse anticipate for a client diagnosed with heart failure who
requires positive inotropic therapy? Select all that apply.
Digoxin
Enalapril
Furosemide
Metoprolol
Dopamine
Which medication should the nurse anticipate for a client diagnosed with heart failure with
pulmonary edema?
Digoxin
Enalapril
Furosemide
Metoprolol
Heart failure is a complex process involving more than a few bodily processes. Let's begin this
lesson by reviewing common terminology.
Systolic dysfunction indicates difficulty with contraction and ejection of blood. Diastolic
dysfunction occurs when the heart is unable to relax and fill appropriately. High-output failure
results from elevated demands on the heart. Low-output failure occurs with impaired venous
return, as may be seen with hemorrhage.
Backward effects of heart failure result from blood backing up in the circulatory system.
Forward effects result from the heart being unable to pump blood outward, which then
results in backward effects. Finally, left- and right-sided failure are the most common ways to
refer to heart failure. When one side of the heart fails, it may cause the other side to fail, as
well, resulting in total heart failure.
, Let's look at how this terminology can be put into practice. Diastolic dysfunction means
reduced filling. An example of this dysfunction occurs when the left ventricle hypertrophies in
response to hypertension and reduces filling space. Systolic dysfunction may occur when a
weakened left ventricle is unable to pump blood adequately. Left ventricular systolic
dysfunction causes blood to back up in the pulmonary system, leading to pulmonary edema
and crackles, as well as paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Other signs and symptoms of left
ventricular failure include cyanosis, weak peripheral pulses, cardiomegaly, and S3 and S4
heart sounds. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction results in low blood pressure and poor
oxygenation. Many of the signs and symptoms are due to the body's compensation.
Baroreceptors detect low blood pressure and respond by increasing heart rate. Anti-diurectic
hormone, abbreviated ADH, is released to increase blood volume, and subsequently,
pressure. Poor perfusion of the kidneys activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system—
or RAAS, for short. Aldosterone increases sodium and water reabsorption to increase fluid
volume and blood pressure. Angiotensin II contributes to compensatory measures by
increasing vasoconstriction.
Although these mechanisms are in place to compensate for a failing heart, in some ways, the
compensations end up contributing to further problems. Increasing blood volume in a heart
that cannot pump adequately does not help; nor does vasoconstriction, which increases the
resistance the heart is working against. When the right ventricle fails, it is unable to pump the
blood received from the body. Pooling of this blood causes peripheral edema,
hepatosplenomegaly, and jugular vein distention. The right ventricle may fail because of
pulmonary disorders causing reduced oxygenation. Low oxygen in the lungs causes
vasoconstriction, increasing the afterload the right ventricle works against. This process is
known as cor pulmonale.
Many medications treat heart failure and its compensations. Diuretics increase urine output
and remove excess fluid volume, while inotropic agents stimulate more forceful contractions.
ACE inhibitors reduce fluid volume and afterload. Beta blockers help to slow the heart and
reduce afterload.
Acute Exacerbation of Heart Failure
HYPERTENSION
or
HYPOTENSION
HYPOTENSION
Complete Exam Study Guide 2025/2026 -
Accurate Questions and Detailed Verified
Answers with Rationale | 100% Guaranteed
Pass (Latest Version)
This comprehensive study guide is designed for students preparing for their exams in
2025/2026. It includes a collection of complete questions across various subjects,
accompanied by accurate, detailed answers, and rationales that ensure a full understanding
of each concept. The guide covers a wide array of topics, from healthcare ethics and patient
care to clinical interventions and nursing practice. With a 100% guaranteed pass, this latest
version of the study guide helps students tackle complex exam questions and gain a deeper
insight into the subject matter, equipping them with the tools necessary for academic and
professional success.
The rationale provided with each answer not only helps you understand the "what" but also
the "why" behind the correct response, reinforcing your critical thinking and application skills.
This guide is updated to reflect the most current trends in the healthcare field, ensuring that
you are well-prepared for your exams. Whether you are studying for nursing exams,
certifications, or clinical rotations, this guide provides a solid foundation for your academic
journey.
Key Features:
• Complete Questions & Answers: Covers a wide range of topics, ensuring you're well-
prepared for every aspect of your exam.
• Detailed Rationales: Helps you understand why a specific answer is correct, enhancing
your critical thinking and retention.
• 100% Guaranteed Pass: Thoroughly updated to reflect current exam content,
guaranteeing success.
• Latest Version: Content updated to match the latest academic standards and industry
best practices.
,Key Terms:
1. Patient Assessment
2. Clinical Interventions
3. Evidence-Based Practice
4. Healthcare Ethics
5. Nursing Diagnosis
6. Patient-Centered Care
7. Pain Management
8. Chronic Illness Management
9. Healthcare Policies
10. Professional Development
Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when providing care to a client who
is diagnosed with left-sided heart failure? Select all that apply.
Dyspnea
Hepatomegaly
Fatigue
Ascites
Crackles noted on lung auscultation
Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when providing care to a client who
is diagnosed with right-sided heart failure? Select all that apply.
Weak pulses
Dependent edema
Delayed capillary refill
Jugular vein distention
Wheezes noted on lung auscultation
,Which client should be classified, according to the American Heart Association and American
College of Cardiology, as stage C?
A client with risk factors but no left ventricular impairment
A client with impaired left ventricular function
A client with current symptoms of heart failure
A client requiring inotropic support
Which medications should the nurse anticipate for a client diagnosed with heart failure who
requires positive inotropic therapy? Select all that apply.
Digoxin
Enalapril
Furosemide
Metoprolol
Dopamine
Which medication should the nurse anticipate for a client diagnosed with heart failure with
pulmonary edema?
Digoxin
Enalapril
Furosemide
Metoprolol
Heart failure is a complex process involving more than a few bodily processes. Let's begin this
lesson by reviewing common terminology.
Systolic dysfunction indicates difficulty with contraction and ejection of blood. Diastolic
dysfunction occurs when the heart is unable to relax and fill appropriately. High-output failure
results from elevated demands on the heart. Low-output failure occurs with impaired venous
return, as may be seen with hemorrhage.
Backward effects of heart failure result from blood backing up in the circulatory system.
Forward effects result from the heart being unable to pump blood outward, which then
results in backward effects. Finally, left- and right-sided failure are the most common ways to
refer to heart failure. When one side of the heart fails, it may cause the other side to fail, as
well, resulting in total heart failure.
, Let's look at how this terminology can be put into practice. Diastolic dysfunction means
reduced filling. An example of this dysfunction occurs when the left ventricle hypertrophies in
response to hypertension and reduces filling space. Systolic dysfunction may occur when a
weakened left ventricle is unable to pump blood adequately. Left ventricular systolic
dysfunction causes blood to back up in the pulmonary system, leading to pulmonary edema
and crackles, as well as paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Other signs and symptoms of left
ventricular failure include cyanosis, weak peripheral pulses, cardiomegaly, and S3 and S4
heart sounds. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction results in low blood pressure and poor
oxygenation. Many of the signs and symptoms are due to the body's compensation.
Baroreceptors detect low blood pressure and respond by increasing heart rate. Anti-diurectic
hormone, abbreviated ADH, is released to increase blood volume, and subsequently,
pressure. Poor perfusion of the kidneys activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system—
or RAAS, for short. Aldosterone increases sodium and water reabsorption to increase fluid
volume and blood pressure. Angiotensin II contributes to compensatory measures by
increasing vasoconstriction.
Although these mechanisms are in place to compensate for a failing heart, in some ways, the
compensations end up contributing to further problems. Increasing blood volume in a heart
that cannot pump adequately does not help; nor does vasoconstriction, which increases the
resistance the heart is working against. When the right ventricle fails, it is unable to pump the
blood received from the body. Pooling of this blood causes peripheral edema,
hepatosplenomegaly, and jugular vein distention. The right ventricle may fail because of
pulmonary disorders causing reduced oxygenation. Low oxygen in the lungs causes
vasoconstriction, increasing the afterload the right ventricle works against. This process is
known as cor pulmonale.
Many medications treat heart failure and its compensations. Diuretics increase urine output
and remove excess fluid volume, while inotropic agents stimulate more forceful contractions.
ACE inhibitors reduce fluid volume and afterload. Beta blockers help to slow the heart and
reduce afterload.
Acute Exacerbation of Heart Failure
HYPERTENSION
or
HYPOTENSION
HYPOTENSION
