NR283- Pathophysiology-
Review EXAM STUDY GUIDE.
GRADED A+. QUESTIONS AND
100% VERIFIED ANSWERS.
LATEST 2026 UPDATE
What are the signs of acute inflammation? Select all that apply.
Granulomas
Swelling
Tissue destruction
Pain
Redness
Heat
Pain
Heat
Redness
Swelling
RATIONALE: The pneumonic PRISH is used to recall the five signs of acute
inflammation: pain, redness, immobility (if impacting a joint or pain is
severe), swelling, and heat.
Tissue destruction and granuloma formation are characteristics of chronic
inflammation.
,Which immune chemical mediators contribute to the swelling associated with
acute inflammation? Select all that apply.
Prostaglandins
Histamine
Kinins
Chemotactic factors
Leukotrienes
Leukotrienes
Histamine
Prostaglandins
Kinins
RATIONALE: During episodes of acute inflammation, swelling results in plasma
proteins and fluid entering the interstitial space at the area of injury. Chemical
mediators that alter capillary permeability, including histamine, kinins,
leukotrienes, and prostaglandins facilitate this process.
Chemotactic factors are released by the cells to attract immune cells to the site
of injury.
Which item causes chronic inflammation? (SEE IMAGE)
(SEE IMAGE)
Foreign material that remains in the body
RATIONALE: The three primary causes of chronic inflammation include
unresolved acute inflammation, pathogens that remain in tissues, and foreign
material that remains in the body.
Although topical anesthetic medication, moderate daily exercise, and
vaccinations may initiate acute inflammation, they are not considered causes of
chronic inflammation.
Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation (SEE IMAGE)
,Although acute and chronic inflammation have similar characteristics, the
treatment options and potential outcomes differ based on the underlying
processes occurring in the body. Match the appropriate type of inflammation
with the list of associated characteristics by dragging the correct answers into
the boxes. You can also click the correct answer, then the box where it should
go.
(SEE IMAGE)
Healing by _______ intention occurs when a wound is clean, free of foreign
material, and the edges are held close together.
Primary
RATIONALE: Healing by primary intention refers to the process involving a clean
wound, no foreign or necrotic tissue, and a minimal gap between the edges,
which is common in surgical incisions.
Healing by secondary intention is more involved in a large break in the tissue
that has more inflammation, a longer healing period, and formation of scar
tissue, which is commonly seen in compound fractures.
A client is seen in the emergency clinic after jumping off a ski lift and injuring
their ankle. Which steps can the client take to reduce inflammation and pain?
Select all that apply.
Wrap the ankle
Rest the affected area
Apply heat to the site
Apply an ice pack
Elevate the injured site
Elevate the injured site
Rest the affected area
Wrap the ankle
Apply an ice pack
RATIONALE: R-I-C-E is the correct option.
, Rest the affected area, which will protect the area from additional injury.
Ice the ankle to reduce inflammation that is causing swelling or pain. Applying
heat will not reduce inflammation and swelling.
Compression by wrapping the ankle can reduce the swelling.
Elevate the ankle to reduce swelling.
Which factor can delay tissue healing from inflammation and injury?
Adequate hemoglobin
Effective circulation
Undisturbed wound
Advanced age
Advanced age
RATIONALE: Advanced age can delay tissue healing from inflammation and
injury due to reduced mitosis.
Adequate hemoglobin, effective circulation, and an undisturbed wound
promote tissue healing from inflammation or injury.
Scar tissue is _____ and tends to ______ over time, which can result in
_________
Nonelastic
Shrink
Complications
RATIONALE: Scar tissue is nonelastic and tends to shrink over time, which can
result in a client having complications such as contractures or loss of function.
A 72-year-old is recovering two days after having knee replacement surgery.
The incision is going through which type of healing?
Secondary intention
Scar formation
Primary intention
Granuloma formation
Review EXAM STUDY GUIDE.
GRADED A+. QUESTIONS AND
100% VERIFIED ANSWERS.
LATEST 2026 UPDATE
What are the signs of acute inflammation? Select all that apply.
Granulomas
Swelling
Tissue destruction
Pain
Redness
Heat
Pain
Heat
Redness
Swelling
RATIONALE: The pneumonic PRISH is used to recall the five signs of acute
inflammation: pain, redness, immobility (if impacting a joint or pain is
severe), swelling, and heat.
Tissue destruction and granuloma formation are characteristics of chronic
inflammation.
,Which immune chemical mediators contribute to the swelling associated with
acute inflammation? Select all that apply.
Prostaglandins
Histamine
Kinins
Chemotactic factors
Leukotrienes
Leukotrienes
Histamine
Prostaglandins
Kinins
RATIONALE: During episodes of acute inflammation, swelling results in plasma
proteins and fluid entering the interstitial space at the area of injury. Chemical
mediators that alter capillary permeability, including histamine, kinins,
leukotrienes, and prostaglandins facilitate this process.
Chemotactic factors are released by the cells to attract immune cells to the site
of injury.
Which item causes chronic inflammation? (SEE IMAGE)
(SEE IMAGE)
Foreign material that remains in the body
RATIONALE: The three primary causes of chronic inflammation include
unresolved acute inflammation, pathogens that remain in tissues, and foreign
material that remains in the body.
Although topical anesthetic medication, moderate daily exercise, and
vaccinations may initiate acute inflammation, they are not considered causes of
chronic inflammation.
Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation (SEE IMAGE)
,Although acute and chronic inflammation have similar characteristics, the
treatment options and potential outcomes differ based on the underlying
processes occurring in the body. Match the appropriate type of inflammation
with the list of associated characteristics by dragging the correct answers into
the boxes. You can also click the correct answer, then the box where it should
go.
(SEE IMAGE)
Healing by _______ intention occurs when a wound is clean, free of foreign
material, and the edges are held close together.
Primary
RATIONALE: Healing by primary intention refers to the process involving a clean
wound, no foreign or necrotic tissue, and a minimal gap between the edges,
which is common in surgical incisions.
Healing by secondary intention is more involved in a large break in the tissue
that has more inflammation, a longer healing period, and formation of scar
tissue, which is commonly seen in compound fractures.
A client is seen in the emergency clinic after jumping off a ski lift and injuring
their ankle. Which steps can the client take to reduce inflammation and pain?
Select all that apply.
Wrap the ankle
Rest the affected area
Apply heat to the site
Apply an ice pack
Elevate the injured site
Elevate the injured site
Rest the affected area
Wrap the ankle
Apply an ice pack
RATIONALE: R-I-C-E is the correct option.
, Rest the affected area, which will protect the area from additional injury.
Ice the ankle to reduce inflammation that is causing swelling or pain. Applying
heat will not reduce inflammation and swelling.
Compression by wrapping the ankle can reduce the swelling.
Elevate the ankle to reduce swelling.
Which factor can delay tissue healing from inflammation and injury?
Adequate hemoglobin
Effective circulation
Undisturbed wound
Advanced age
Advanced age
RATIONALE: Advanced age can delay tissue healing from inflammation and
injury due to reduced mitosis.
Adequate hemoglobin, effective circulation, and an undisturbed wound
promote tissue healing from inflammation or injury.
Scar tissue is _____ and tends to ______ over time, which can result in
_________
Nonelastic
Shrink
Complications
RATIONALE: Scar tissue is nonelastic and tends to shrink over time, which can
result in a client having complications such as contractures or loss of function.
A 72-year-old is recovering two days after having knee replacement surgery.
The incision is going through which type of healing?
Secondary intention
Scar formation
Primary intention
Granuloma formation
