PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 PRACTICE 144
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025/2026
C - CORRECT ANSWER A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the
removal of a lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
___________ of the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia
B, C, E - CORRECT ANSWER An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining
of not being able to do what he used to be able to. You know that normal changes
associated with aging include: (Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity
A - CORRECT ANSWER A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus
medical clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the
smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
,A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells
B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused on kidney
function while D is focused on liver function. Both of these would be important in
the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority answer is B, because you need first to
address the most life-threatening patient needs. The little girl in this question can
go into shock or suffer permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low. - CORRECT
ANSWER The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter
has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been
determined to be made of lead. Which of the following blood tests should the
care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel
B
,Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have infection -
CORRECT ANSWER A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has
developed signs of dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the
following pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes
C - CORRECT ANSWER Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by
multiple systems, the most important changes are first activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular
D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your lecture
PowerPoint - CORRECT ANSWER Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-
specific fight or flight response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
, B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates
B
You know it's not A because I mentioned in an earlier slide that growth hormone
levels decrease with stress. We didn't mention thyroid-stimulating hormone as
one of the ones associated with the stress response so you can pretty much
assume that's not right. And we know adrenal function is not depressed because
ACTH from the anterior pituitary stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol.
- CORRECT ANSWER Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated with:
A. Increased growth hormone level
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Depressed adrenal gland function
B, C, D, E
"Ability to adapt to stress" = mediating factors! Slide 28 of this PowerPoint -
CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following factors are known to contribute to an
individual's ability to adapt to stress? (Select all that apply.)
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025/2026
C - CORRECT ANSWER A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the
removal of a lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
___________ of the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia
B, C, E - CORRECT ANSWER An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining
of not being able to do what he used to be able to. You know that normal changes
associated with aging include: (Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity
A - CORRECT ANSWER A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus
medical clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the
smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
,A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells
B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused on kidney
function while D is focused on liver function. Both of these would be important in
the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority answer is B, because you need first to
address the most life-threatening patient needs. The little girl in this question can
go into shock or suffer permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low. - CORRECT
ANSWER The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter
has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been
determined to be made of lead. Which of the following blood tests should the
care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel
B
,Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have infection -
CORRECT ANSWER A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has
developed signs of dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the
following pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes
C - CORRECT ANSWER Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by
multiple systems, the most important changes are first activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular
D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your lecture
PowerPoint - CORRECT ANSWER Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-
specific fight or flight response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
, B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates
B
You know it's not A because I mentioned in an earlier slide that growth hormone
levels decrease with stress. We didn't mention thyroid-stimulating hormone as
one of the ones associated with the stress response so you can pretty much
assume that's not right. And we know adrenal function is not depressed because
ACTH from the anterior pituitary stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol.
- CORRECT ANSWER Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated with:
A. Increased growth hormone level
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Depressed adrenal gland function
B, C, D, E
"Ability to adapt to stress" = mediating factors! Slide 28 of this PowerPoint -
CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following factors are known to contribute to an
individual's ability to adapt to stress? (Select all that apply.)
