(Latest 2026/2027) – Complete Review, Practice
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SECTION 1 – INDIVIDUAL PROCESSES (Q1-18)
Q1 Herzberg two-factor – which is a MOTIVATOR?
A) Job security
B) Salary
C) Company policies
D) Recognition for achievement
Correct: D
Rationale: Motivators = achievement, recognition, responsibility, growth (D). Hygiene
factors (A-C) prevent dissatisfaction but do not motivate.
Q2 Self-serving bias example:
A) Confirmation bias
B) Attribute success to skill, failure to market
C) Halo effect
,D) Anchoring
Correct: B
Rationale: Internal attribution for success, external for failure = self-serving bias (B).
Q3 Big Five – which trait predicts training proficiency best?
A) Openness
B) Conscientiousness
C) Extraversion
D) Neuroticism
Correct: A
Rationale: Openness (A) correlates with learning agility, creativity, adaptability to new
training.
Q4 Maslow – after physiological & safety are met, next focus for manager?
A) Self-actualization projects
B) Belongingness (team inclusion)
C) Esteem bonuses
D) Job security reinforcement
Correct: B
,Rationale: Hierarchy order: physiological → safety → belongingness (B) → esteem →
self-actualization.
Q5 McClelland – manager high in need for power socialized is likely to:
A) Dominate meetings
B) Empower subordinates for collective goals
C) Seek personal visibility
D) Avoid delegation
Correct: B
Rationale: Socialized power (B) used for organizational good, empowering others;
personalized power = self-serving.
Q6 Expectancy theory – Valence × Expectancy × Instrumentality = motivation. If
employee doubts performance will lead to reward, which component low?
A) Valence
B) Expectancy
C) Instrumentality
D) Equity
Correct: C
Rationale: Instrumentality (C) = belief that performance leads to reward; low here →
reduced effort.
, Q7 Equity theory – **employee compares input/output ratio to referent other. If ratio
perceived lower, behavior?
A) Increase inputs
B) Decrease inputs or increase outputs
C) Change referent
D) Both B and C possible
Correct: D
Rationale: Under-rewarded → behavioral/cognitive rebalancing: ↓ inputs, ↑ outputs,
change referent, leave (D).
Q8 Job Characteristics Model – core dimension “autonomy” predicts:
A) Experienced meaningfulness
B) Experienced responsibility for outcomes
C) Knowledge of results
D) Growth need strength
Correct: B
Rationale: Autonomy → felt personal responsibility (B); skill variety → meaningfulness,
feedback → knowledge of results.
Q9 Organizational commitment – affective vs continuance vs normative. Employee
stays because “I’d lose pension” reflects: