M7 Problem Set Part 2 Anatomy of the Urinary System (answer
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Anatomy of the Urinary System (answer key at the end)
Physiology of the Urinary System
53. What is the hormonal control mechanism for the renal flow?
54. Angiotensinogen is a pre-enzyme produced by the ___ and freely circulates in the blood.
55. When blood pressure drops, the enzyme ____ is released by the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells
of the nephron.
56. In the ____, angiotensin I is converted to ____.
57. Once circulating angiotensin II reaches the adrenal cortex, it causes the release of the
hormone ____.
58. What is reabsorption?
59. True or false: all reabsorption occurs in the renal tubules by diffusion.
60. Where does the greatest amount of renal tubular reabsorption occur?
61. About what percentage of Na+ is reabsorbed in the PCT? The loop of Henle? The DCT?
62. What is secretion?
63. What is countercurrent flow?
64. When an osmotic gradient is isosmotic, what does this mean?
65. What is the concentration of the filtrate in the PCT vs. the bottom of the loop of Henle?
66. True or False: The descending and ascending regions of the loop of Henle have the same
reabsorption characteristics.
67. True or False: The concentration of urea is relatively low in the distal convoluted tubule and
the cortex regions of the collecting ducts because the tubules in the cortex are permeable to it.
68. ADH is secreted by the ____.
69. True or False: ADH increases water output.
70. Describe the action of ADH.
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/2026 Set Part 2 Anatomy of the Urinary System (answer key at the end).pdf.pdf
, M7 Problem Set Part 2 Anatomy of the Urinary System (answer
Exam Complete
key at
M7 the
Problem
Study
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Guide
Set Part
With2Solution
Anatomy of the Urinary System (answer key at the end).pdf.pdf
71. Describe the mechanisms of aldosterone.
72. What are diuretics?
73. How do the cardiovascular baroreceptors control the nephron?
74. Describe normal urine.
Physiology of the Urinary System: Acid/Base Balance
75. Water is found in what two main compartments?
76. True or False: A solution has a pH of 0, which is alkaline.
77. Describe the impact of weak acids on a solution.
78. What is the normal pH of arterial blood?
79. What is the principal method through which acids enter the human body?
80. What is an anion?
81. What are the three major chemical buffer systems in the body?
82. The bicarbonate buffer system is composed of _____and _____.
83. How does the respiratory center control pH?
84. What happens to cause hyperventilation? hypoventilation?
85. Which system has the largest impact on the level of pH in the blood?
86. What happens in severe alkalosis?
87. What happens in severe acidosis?
88. What are the normal blood serum levels? (for pH, PCO2, HCO3-)
89. For the following blood values given, determine if the patient is in acidosis or alkalosis,
whether the cause is respiratory or metabolic and whether the condition is being compensated.
pH = 7.7, PCO2 = 23 mm, HCO3- = 24 mEq/L
This study source was downloaded by 1827175 from cliffsnotes.com on 01-08-2026 18:34:17 GMT -06:00
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/2026 Set Part 2 Anatomy of the Urinary System (answer key at the end).pdf.pdf
Exam Complete
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M7 the
Problem
Study
end).pdf
Guide
Set Part
With2Solution
Anatomy of the Urinary System (answer key at the end).pdf.pdf
Anatomy of the Urinary System (answer key at the end)
Physiology of the Urinary System
53. What is the hormonal control mechanism for the renal flow?
54. Angiotensinogen is a pre-enzyme produced by the ___ and freely circulates in the blood.
55. When blood pressure drops, the enzyme ____ is released by the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells
of the nephron.
56. In the ____, angiotensin I is converted to ____.
57. Once circulating angiotensin II reaches the adrenal cortex, it causes the release of the
hormone ____.
58. What is reabsorption?
59. True or false: all reabsorption occurs in the renal tubules by diffusion.
60. Where does the greatest amount of renal tubular reabsorption occur?
61. About what percentage of Na+ is reabsorbed in the PCT? The loop of Henle? The DCT?
62. What is secretion?
63. What is countercurrent flow?
64. When an osmotic gradient is isosmotic, what does this mean?
65. What is the concentration of the filtrate in the PCT vs. the bottom of the loop of Henle?
66. True or False: The descending and ascending regions of the loop of Henle have the same
reabsorption characteristics.
67. True or False: The concentration of urea is relatively low in the distal convoluted tubule and
the cortex regions of the collecting ducts because the tubules in the cortex are permeable to it.
68. ADH is secreted by the ____.
69. True or False: ADH increases water output.
70. Describe the action of ADH.
This study source was downloaded by 1827175 from cliffsnotes.com on 01-08-2026 18:34:17 GMT -06:00
Page 1 of 12
https://www.cliffsnotes.com//study-notes/27698963 M7 Problem
/2026 Set Part 2 Anatomy of the Urinary System (answer key at the end).pdf.pdf
, M7 Problem Set Part 2 Anatomy of the Urinary System (answer
Exam Complete
key at
M7 the
Problem
Study
end).pdf
Guide
Set Part
With2Solution
Anatomy of the Urinary System (answer key at the end).pdf.pdf
71. Describe the mechanisms of aldosterone.
72. What are diuretics?
73. How do the cardiovascular baroreceptors control the nephron?
74. Describe normal urine.
Physiology of the Urinary System: Acid/Base Balance
75. Water is found in what two main compartments?
76. True or False: A solution has a pH of 0, which is alkaline.
77. Describe the impact of weak acids on a solution.
78. What is the normal pH of arterial blood?
79. What is the principal method through which acids enter the human body?
80. What is an anion?
81. What are the three major chemical buffer systems in the body?
82. The bicarbonate buffer system is composed of _____and _____.
83. How does the respiratory center control pH?
84. What happens to cause hyperventilation? hypoventilation?
85. Which system has the largest impact on the level of pH in the blood?
86. What happens in severe alkalosis?
87. What happens in severe acidosis?
88. What are the normal blood serum levels? (for pH, PCO2, HCO3-)
89. For the following blood values given, determine if the patient is in acidosis or alkalosis,
whether the cause is respiratory or metabolic and whether the condition is being compensated.
pH = 7.7, PCO2 = 23 mm, HCO3- = 24 mEq/L
This study source was downloaded by 1827175 from cliffsnotes.com on 01-08-2026 18:34:17 GMT -06:00
Page 2 of 12
https://www.cliffsnotes.com//study-notes/27698963 M7 Problem
/2026 Set Part 2 Anatomy of the Urinary System (answer key at the end).pdf.pdf
