PSYCH 1X03 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| 2026 UPDATE WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION ALREADY GRADED A+
1. Why would an experimenter use the median instead of the mean to report
information about a data set?
A) If the data set is non-numerical.
B) If there is high variability in the data set.
C) If there is low variability in the data set.
D) If there are extreme data points in the data set. - ANSWERS-D) If there
are extreme data points in the data set.
Correct! Often extreme data points can skew the mean in one direction or
another and because these data points are often extreme and unlikely cases,
the effect they have on the mean turns it into a measure that is not truly
representative of the central tendency of the data set. The median, however,
is unaffected by extreme data points.
1. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the practice effect?
A) Practice effects reduce control because it becomes difficult to separate
natural improvement from the effect of manipulating the dependent variable.
B) Practice effects enhance control because it becomes difficult to separate
natural improvement from the effect of manipulating the dependent variable.
,C) Practice effects reduce control because it becomes difficult to separate
natural improvement from the effect of manipulating the independent
variable.
D) Practice effects enhance control because it becomes difficult to separate
natural improvement from the effect of manipulating the independent
variable. - ANSWERS-C) Practice effects reduce control because it becomes
difficult to separate natural improvement from the effect of manipulating the
independent variable.
Correct! When participant performance improves over the course of a within-
subjects experiment simply because they have become more experienced,
the practice effect is said to have occurred. This confound reduces the
control of the experiment because a variable other than the independent
variable has had an effect on the results.
1. Garrett believes that financial rewards can be used to motivate
chimpanzees. Which of the following best outlines a good potential
hypothesis?
A) If chimpanzees perform better tricks when rewarded with food, fed
chimpanzees will be more successful.
B) If chimpanzees are given financial rewards, they will become successful
circus entertainers.
C) If chimpanzees performed well in past circus shows, they were likely given
financial rewards.
,D) If chimpanzees are financially rewarded, they will perform more circus
tricks than unrewarded chimpanzees. - ANSWERS-D) If chimpanzees are
financially rewarded, they will perform more circus tricks than unrewarded
chimpanzees.
Correct! Hypotheses are testable statements based on theories that make
specific predictions.
1. Why are inferential statistics useful?
A) Inferential statistics allow researchers to calculate measures of central
tendency in different experimental groups.
B) Inferential statistics allow researchers to prove whether their hypotheses
are correct.
C) Inferential statistics allow researchers to evaluate whether experimental
manipulations had effects on the data.
D) Inferential statistics allow researchers to organize data so that it may be
evaluated more efficiently. - ANSWERS-C) Inferential statistics allow
researchers to evaluate whether experimental manipulations had effects on
the data.
Correct! Inferential statistics allow researchers to determine whether
differences between experimental groups are significant and in support of
their hypothesis or not.
1. Which of the following statements about confounding variables is most
correct?
, A) To avoid the placebo effect, the experimenter should not know which
participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control
group.
B) To avoid experimenter bias, the study should have the same number of
participants in the experimental and control groups.
C) To avoid subject bias, participants should not know what condition of the
experiment they are in.
D) To avoid sampling bias, the experimenter should allow all participants to
sample all the treatments in the experiment. - ANSWERS-C) To avoid
subject bias, participants should not know what condition of the experiment
they are in.
Correct! To avoid subject biases, including the placebo effect, the experiment
should be conducted blind.
1. Which of the following measures of central tendency is most strongly
influenced by outliers?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Standard deviation
D) Mode - ANSWERS-A) Mean
| 2026 UPDATE WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION ALREADY GRADED A+
1. Why would an experimenter use the median instead of the mean to report
information about a data set?
A) If the data set is non-numerical.
B) If there is high variability in the data set.
C) If there is low variability in the data set.
D) If there are extreme data points in the data set. - ANSWERS-D) If there
are extreme data points in the data set.
Correct! Often extreme data points can skew the mean in one direction or
another and because these data points are often extreme and unlikely cases,
the effect they have on the mean turns it into a measure that is not truly
representative of the central tendency of the data set. The median, however,
is unaffected by extreme data points.
1. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the practice effect?
A) Practice effects reduce control because it becomes difficult to separate
natural improvement from the effect of manipulating the dependent variable.
B) Practice effects enhance control because it becomes difficult to separate
natural improvement from the effect of manipulating the dependent variable.
,C) Practice effects reduce control because it becomes difficult to separate
natural improvement from the effect of manipulating the independent
variable.
D) Practice effects enhance control because it becomes difficult to separate
natural improvement from the effect of manipulating the independent
variable. - ANSWERS-C) Practice effects reduce control because it becomes
difficult to separate natural improvement from the effect of manipulating the
independent variable.
Correct! When participant performance improves over the course of a within-
subjects experiment simply because they have become more experienced,
the practice effect is said to have occurred. This confound reduces the
control of the experiment because a variable other than the independent
variable has had an effect on the results.
1. Garrett believes that financial rewards can be used to motivate
chimpanzees. Which of the following best outlines a good potential
hypothesis?
A) If chimpanzees perform better tricks when rewarded with food, fed
chimpanzees will be more successful.
B) If chimpanzees are given financial rewards, they will become successful
circus entertainers.
C) If chimpanzees performed well in past circus shows, they were likely given
financial rewards.
,D) If chimpanzees are financially rewarded, they will perform more circus
tricks than unrewarded chimpanzees. - ANSWERS-D) If chimpanzees are
financially rewarded, they will perform more circus tricks than unrewarded
chimpanzees.
Correct! Hypotheses are testable statements based on theories that make
specific predictions.
1. Why are inferential statistics useful?
A) Inferential statistics allow researchers to calculate measures of central
tendency in different experimental groups.
B) Inferential statistics allow researchers to prove whether their hypotheses
are correct.
C) Inferential statistics allow researchers to evaluate whether experimental
manipulations had effects on the data.
D) Inferential statistics allow researchers to organize data so that it may be
evaluated more efficiently. - ANSWERS-C) Inferential statistics allow
researchers to evaluate whether experimental manipulations had effects on
the data.
Correct! Inferential statistics allow researchers to determine whether
differences between experimental groups are significant and in support of
their hypothesis or not.
1. Which of the following statements about confounding variables is most
correct?
, A) To avoid the placebo effect, the experimenter should not know which
participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control
group.
B) To avoid experimenter bias, the study should have the same number of
participants in the experimental and control groups.
C) To avoid subject bias, participants should not know what condition of the
experiment they are in.
D) To avoid sampling bias, the experimenter should allow all participants to
sample all the treatments in the experiment. - ANSWERS-C) To avoid
subject bias, participants should not know what condition of the experiment
they are in.
Correct! To avoid subject biases, including the placebo effect, the experiment
should be conducted blind.
1. Which of the following measures of central tendency is most strongly
influenced by outliers?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Standard deviation
D) Mode - ANSWERS-A) Mean
