CMN 574 Unit 2 Musculoskeletal exam questions with answers

CMN 574 Unit 2 Musculoskeletal exam
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questions with answers |\ |\




Trendelenburg test - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The patient |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



stands and rises one foot and then the other while the
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doctor observes the buttocks.
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Positive sign is when the buttock drops on the side that
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the foot is elevated indicating hip abductor weakness on
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the stance leg side.
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Torticollis Findings - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Chin rotates
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to the OPPOSITE side of the spasm
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Head tilts toward spasm
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Torticollis Cause - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Sternocleidomastoid muscle has been damaged |\ |\ |\ |\




OR |\




Underlying disease process |\ |\ |\




-congenital deformity of cervical spine |\ |\ |\ |\

,-Tumors of spinal cord or cerebellum; syringomyelia, or RA
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Torticollis Tx - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔PASSIVE stretching
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effective in up to 97% of all cases
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Congenital Deformities - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔RARE
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limb deficiencies (esp lower limbs is rare) but associated
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with other congenital probs in femur, tibia, and fibula
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Also may have extra digits (polydactyly) or absence of
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brain matter (anencephaly)
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*COMPLETE loss of limb is RARE |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




PARTIAL ABSENCE more common than loss of limb
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Example of congenital limb defect/deformities - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔Congenital longitudinal deficiency of the
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fibula


Polydactyly (extra digits) |\ |\




Congenital deformities TX - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Limb
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lengthening or contralateral limb shortening |\ |\ |\ |\

,Removal of part of deformed limb
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Prosthetics *early fitting is key |\ |\ |\ |\




Lower Extremities--> 12 months of age, well tolerated,
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necessary for balance and walking |\ |\ |\ |\




Upper Extremities--> 6 months of age, Mitten type, able
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to "develop" as child grows
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Deformities of the Extremities - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



✔✔Metatarsus Adductus |\




Talipes Equinovarus |\




Developmental |\




Dysplasia of the Hip |\ |\ |\




Torticollis


Metatarsus Adductus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Congenital
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foot deformity causing INWARD deviation of the forefoot
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May be associated with hip dysplasia
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, Most FLEXIBLE deformities resolve spontaneously
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(Caused by positioning in utero)|\ |\ |\ |\




RIGID deformity has crease in medial aspect of arch
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-Serial casting to correct if cannot reposition past midline
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-may try corrective shoes
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Talipes Equinovarus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(AKA
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Clubfoot)


Idiopathic, neurogenic, or rt arthrogryposis or Larsen
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Syndrome


Check for SPINE anomalies, among others
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Idiopathic clubfoot may be hereditary |\ |\ |\ |\




-Plantar Flexion of the foot at ankle joint (equinus)
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-Inversion deformity of the heel (varus) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




-Medial deviation of the forefoot (adductus)
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Talipes Equinovarus TX - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Preferred
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