PN 4003 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
what is a potential effect of diuretics?
hypokalemia
what is hypokalemia
A serum potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L.
best way to monitor hypervolemia?
daily weights
how much fluid is lost a day via sweat?
900mL
how much fluid a day is lost via the kidneys?
1500mL
what is urine specific gravity?
,Specific gravity evaluates the kidney's ability to regulate fluid balance & evaluate
the hydration status of the body.
urine specific gravity range
1.005-1.030
lower = less concentrated, more hydrated
two major electrolytes that regulate fluid balance
sodium and chloride
3 types of skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma
most common skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
psoriasis
chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
characteristic of herpes zoster (shingles)
,pustules
what is urolithiasis
kidney stones
care of a client with urinary calculi
lots of fluids, move around more, monitor I/O's, run urine through a strainer to
check for stones passing
what is an arteriovenous fistula (AVF)?
-an artery is connected directly to a vein
-the high blood flow from the artery through the vein helps the access grow larger
and stronger, making needle insertions for dialysis easier
care of client with arteriovenous fistula
keep access site clean, DO NOT TAKE BLOOD PRESSURE ON THAT ARM!
no blood labs either. monitor for redness or swelling
Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN)
the rapid onset of inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney.
, Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) s/s
* Gross hematuria
* Recent strep infection.
* HTN
* Mild edema
* Positive ASO titer.
caring for acute glomerulonephritis
-rest
-restrict fluids as ordered to treat fluid retention
-limit sodium and protein as ordered
Medications: Administer antihypertensives, diuretics, or antibiotics as ordered
Monitoring: Monitor vital signs, blood sugar, weight, intake and output, and serum
chemistries
azotemia
presence of urea or other nitrogenous elements in the blood
azotemia s/s
Not peeing a lot.
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
what is a potential effect of diuretics?
hypokalemia
what is hypokalemia
A serum potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L.
best way to monitor hypervolemia?
daily weights
how much fluid is lost a day via sweat?
900mL
how much fluid a day is lost via the kidneys?
1500mL
what is urine specific gravity?
,Specific gravity evaluates the kidney's ability to regulate fluid balance & evaluate
the hydration status of the body.
urine specific gravity range
1.005-1.030
lower = less concentrated, more hydrated
two major electrolytes that regulate fluid balance
sodium and chloride
3 types of skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma
most common skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
psoriasis
chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
characteristic of herpes zoster (shingles)
,pustules
what is urolithiasis
kidney stones
care of a client with urinary calculi
lots of fluids, move around more, monitor I/O's, run urine through a strainer to
check for stones passing
what is an arteriovenous fistula (AVF)?
-an artery is connected directly to a vein
-the high blood flow from the artery through the vein helps the access grow larger
and stronger, making needle insertions for dialysis easier
care of client with arteriovenous fistula
keep access site clean, DO NOT TAKE BLOOD PRESSURE ON THAT ARM!
no blood labs either. monitor for redness or swelling
Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN)
the rapid onset of inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney.
, Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) s/s
* Gross hematuria
* Recent strep infection.
* HTN
* Mild edema
* Positive ASO titer.
caring for acute glomerulonephritis
-rest
-restrict fluids as ordered to treat fluid retention
-limit sodium and protein as ordered
Medications: Administer antihypertensives, diuretics, or antibiotics as ordered
Monitoring: Monitor vital signs, blood sugar, weight, intake and output, and serum
chemistries
azotemia
presence of urea or other nitrogenous elements in the blood
azotemia s/s
Not peeing a lot.
