EXAM 3 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 119 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025/2026
GERD - CORRECT ANSWER In this disorder, metaplasia of the cells may occur and
can lead to Barret's esophagus
esophageal varices - CORRECT ANSWER The nurse is caring for a client who is
complaining of nausea, dark urine, and hematemesis. The client has a history of
hypertension and cirrhosis. What disorder could this client be suffering from
Crohn's - CORRECT ANSWER In this disorder, a client will have malabsorption of
nutrients, weight loss, and episodes of diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Portal Hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER A nurse is caring for a client with ascites
and edema. A CT scan has shown the client has splenomegaly. The nurse knows
the client is suffering from what disorder?
systolic - CORRECT ANSWER This type of blood pressure is a measurement of the
pressure exerted by the blood when ejected from the left ventricle.
Splenomegaly, jugular vein distension, peripheral edema - CORRECT ANSWER
which of the following are signs of right-sided heart failure?
Brudzinski and Kernig - CORRECT ANSWER what are the signs of bacterial
meningitis
,esophagus, stomach, small intestine - CORRECT ANSWER Upper GI Tract
- completion of digestive process.
- Bile, pancreatic enzymes, chyme from stomach - CORRECT ANSWER Duodenum
- absorption
- amino acids, glucose, iron, calcium, fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER
jejunum
- reabsorption of vitamin B12 and return of bile acids to liver - CORRECT ANSWER
ileum
- inflammation of esophagus.
- irritation of squamous epithelium which is caused by vomiting/stomach acid.
- treated with NSAIDS - CORRECT ANSWER esophagitis
- regurgitation of stomach acid into esophagus.
- esophagus epithelial cells transform to stomach - like columnar cells. - CORRECT
ANSWER GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
delayed stomach emptying also a problem - CORRECT ANSWER gastroparesis
precancerous change - CORRECT ANSWER Barrett's esophagus
, - aspiration pneumonia
- increased pain after ingestion of certain foods.
- gastroparesis
- dysphagia
- heart burn
- epigastric pain
- dyspepsia. - CORRECT ANSWER Signs and symptoms of GERD
frequent acid ingestion - CORRECT ANSWER dyspepsia
engorged veins at distal end of esophagus.
-often due to portal vein hypertension, cirrhosis.
- patient presents with signs of liver dysfunction. - CORRECT ANSWER esophageal
varices
- inflammatory erosion of stomach or duodenum.
- proximity of highly acidic gastric contents of the stomach, ineffective GI mucus
production, and poor cellular repair
- epigastric, abdominal pain in between meals ( around 2-3 hours after eating).
Pain is burning and gnawing sensation.
- perforation of the stomach or intestine. - CORRECT ANSWER peptic ulcer disease
(PUD)
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025/2026
GERD - CORRECT ANSWER In this disorder, metaplasia of the cells may occur and
can lead to Barret's esophagus
esophageal varices - CORRECT ANSWER The nurse is caring for a client who is
complaining of nausea, dark urine, and hematemesis. The client has a history of
hypertension and cirrhosis. What disorder could this client be suffering from
Crohn's - CORRECT ANSWER In this disorder, a client will have malabsorption of
nutrients, weight loss, and episodes of diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Portal Hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER A nurse is caring for a client with ascites
and edema. A CT scan has shown the client has splenomegaly. The nurse knows
the client is suffering from what disorder?
systolic - CORRECT ANSWER This type of blood pressure is a measurement of the
pressure exerted by the blood when ejected from the left ventricle.
Splenomegaly, jugular vein distension, peripheral edema - CORRECT ANSWER
which of the following are signs of right-sided heart failure?
Brudzinski and Kernig - CORRECT ANSWER what are the signs of bacterial
meningitis
,esophagus, stomach, small intestine - CORRECT ANSWER Upper GI Tract
- completion of digestive process.
- Bile, pancreatic enzymes, chyme from stomach - CORRECT ANSWER Duodenum
- absorption
- amino acids, glucose, iron, calcium, fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER
jejunum
- reabsorption of vitamin B12 and return of bile acids to liver - CORRECT ANSWER
ileum
- inflammation of esophagus.
- irritation of squamous epithelium which is caused by vomiting/stomach acid.
- treated with NSAIDS - CORRECT ANSWER esophagitis
- regurgitation of stomach acid into esophagus.
- esophagus epithelial cells transform to stomach - like columnar cells. - CORRECT
ANSWER GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
delayed stomach emptying also a problem - CORRECT ANSWER gastroparesis
precancerous change - CORRECT ANSWER Barrett's esophagus
, - aspiration pneumonia
- increased pain after ingestion of certain foods.
- gastroparesis
- dysphagia
- heart burn
- epigastric pain
- dyspepsia. - CORRECT ANSWER Signs and symptoms of GERD
frequent acid ingestion - CORRECT ANSWER dyspepsia
engorged veins at distal end of esophagus.
-often due to portal vein hypertension, cirrhosis.
- patient presents with signs of liver dysfunction. - CORRECT ANSWER esophageal
varices
- inflammatory erosion of stomach or duodenum.
- proximity of highly acidic gastric contents of the stomach, ineffective GI mucus
production, and poor cellular repair
- epigastric, abdominal pain in between meals ( around 2-3 hours after eating).
Pain is burning and gnawing sensation.
- perforation of the stomach or intestine. - CORRECT ANSWER peptic ulcer disease
(PUD)
