1
,(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula
Hopper)
Answers
CHAPTER 1 to collect appropriate data, identify a
CRITICAL patient problem, and determine the
best possible plan of action.
THINKING, Clinicaljudgment is based on good
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, critical thinking.
ANDTHE NURSING Cue
PROCESS
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all
data are
cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
AUDIO CASE STUDY Definition: The use of those cognitive
(knowledge) skills or strategies that
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment increase the probability of a desirable
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize outcome. Also involves reflection,
hypotheses; generatesolutions; take problem-solving, and related thinking
action; evaluate outcomes; repeat. skills.
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was Clinical judgment
pulled in too many directions. She was also
Definition: The observed outcome of
crying in her car and hadpoor study habits
critical thinking and decision making. A
and not enough sleep.
process that uses nursing knowledge
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend,
sick time from work, and wasted time
between classes that she could better
utilize. Your resources will be different, but
they exist!
4. Critical thinking—the why: Jane uses critical
thinking to determine why her current plan
isn’t working. She thinks honestly about
her poor study habits, her time-
management problems, and the impact this
is having on her and her family.
Clinical judgment—the do: Jane uses her
thinking to develop and carry out a plan that
uses her resources and provides more
productive study time and more quality
time with her kids.
VOCABULARY
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary
problems.
Nursing process
Definition: An organizing framework that links
thinking with nursing actions. Steps include
assessment/data collection, nursing
diagnosis, planning, implementation,and
evaluation.
Critical thinking
,Collaboration
Definition: Working together with the health
team to improve patient outcomes.
Intervention
Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan.
Evaluation
Definition: Comparing the outcomes you
expected with actual outcomes. Did the plan
work? Were expected outcomes met?
Vigilance
Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and
watchful.
CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT
Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a
similar format. Both follow steps from collecting data
to determin- ing problems and outcomes, developing
and taking actions, and evaluating outcomes.
However, critical thinking helps you think about the
problem: What is it? Why is it happen- ing? And
clinical judgment leads you to do something to
manage the problem.
CUE RECOGNITION
You will do many things for each individual, but the
FIRST thing is listed below.
1. Sit the patient upright.
2. Call 911 while running across the street.
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow
under thecalves and allowing the feet to hang off
the edge of the pillow.
4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source
ready.
5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
, 2 Chapter 1 Answers
CRITICAL THINKING
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
Could it be low Am I diabetic? Frontal area "Sick" feeling Hard Tylenol helps Hunger makes
blood sugar? it worse
Patient's Where is Qualit Aggravating
percepti it? y and
on alleviating
factors
Food
Headach helps
e
Useful Severi Timin
other ty g
data
Sometimes Mother 7–8 on 0– Lasts 1–2 Before Early in
feel is 10 hours meals the
sick to diabetic scale once starts morning
stomach
REVIEW QUESTIONS taking vital signs; data collection is the first
The correct answers are in boldface. step in the nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all
steps in the nursing process, for which the
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better registered nurse is responsible; the
outcomes for the patient. (1, 3, 4) may be LPN/LVN may assist the registered nurse
true but are not the best answer. with these. Nitroglycerin should not be
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to administered withoutfirst knowing the
not knowing something is exhibiting patient’s blood pressure.
intellectual humility. (1) shows expertise 7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned
but not necessarily intellectual humility; about freedomfrom injury and harm. (1)
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual relates to basic needs such as air, oxygen,
integrity;
and water. (3) relates to feeling loved. (4)
(3) empathizing is positive but does is
isrelated to having positive self-esteem.
not evidence of humility.
8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order. Maslow.
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not 9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
define critical thinking but are examples 10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking
of good thinking. action. (1, 2, 4) are all positive but do not
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines show intent to take action.
whether goals are achieved and 11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the
interventions effective. (2) is the role of the situation. (1, 2) are data; (3) is a
physician. (1, 3) encompass data collection recommendation.
and imple- mentation, which are earlier
12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the
steps in the nursing process.
data provides only hip replacement as
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical the patient’s problem, (5) thedietitian is
nurse/licensed voca- tional nurse (LPN/LVN) not necessary.
can collect data, which includes
,(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula
Hopper)
Answers
CHAPTER 1 to collect appropriate data, identify a
CRITICAL patient problem, and determine the
best possible plan of action.
THINKING, Clinicaljudgment is based on good
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, critical thinking.
ANDTHE NURSING Cue
PROCESS
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all
data are
cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
AUDIO CASE STUDY Definition: The use of those cognitive
(knowledge) skills or strategies that
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment increase the probability of a desirable
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize outcome. Also involves reflection,
hypotheses; generatesolutions; take problem-solving, and related thinking
action; evaluate outcomes; repeat. skills.
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was Clinical judgment
pulled in too many directions. She was also
Definition: The observed outcome of
crying in her car and hadpoor study habits
critical thinking and decision making. A
and not enough sleep.
process that uses nursing knowledge
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend,
sick time from work, and wasted time
between classes that she could better
utilize. Your resources will be different, but
they exist!
4. Critical thinking—the why: Jane uses critical
thinking to determine why her current plan
isn’t working. She thinks honestly about
her poor study habits, her time-
management problems, and the impact this
is having on her and her family.
Clinical judgment—the do: Jane uses her
thinking to develop and carry out a plan that
uses her resources and provides more
productive study time and more quality
time with her kids.
VOCABULARY
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary
problems.
Nursing process
Definition: An organizing framework that links
thinking with nursing actions. Steps include
assessment/data collection, nursing
diagnosis, planning, implementation,and
evaluation.
Critical thinking
,Collaboration
Definition: Working together with the health
team to improve patient outcomes.
Intervention
Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan.
Evaluation
Definition: Comparing the outcomes you
expected with actual outcomes. Did the plan
work? Were expected outcomes met?
Vigilance
Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and
watchful.
CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT
Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a
similar format. Both follow steps from collecting data
to determin- ing problems and outcomes, developing
and taking actions, and evaluating outcomes.
However, critical thinking helps you think about the
problem: What is it? Why is it happen- ing? And
clinical judgment leads you to do something to
manage the problem.
CUE RECOGNITION
You will do many things for each individual, but the
FIRST thing is listed below.
1. Sit the patient upright.
2. Call 911 while running across the street.
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow
under thecalves and allowing the feet to hang off
the edge of the pillow.
4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source
ready.
5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
, 2 Chapter 1 Answers
CRITICAL THINKING
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
Could it be low Am I diabetic? Frontal area "Sick" feeling Hard Tylenol helps Hunger makes
blood sugar? it worse
Patient's Where is Qualit Aggravating
percepti it? y and
on alleviating
factors
Food
Headach helps
e
Useful Severi Timin
other ty g
data
Sometimes Mother 7–8 on 0– Lasts 1–2 Before Early in
feel is 10 hours meals the
sick to diabetic scale once starts morning
stomach
REVIEW QUESTIONS taking vital signs; data collection is the first
The correct answers are in boldface. step in the nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all
steps in the nursing process, for which the
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better registered nurse is responsible; the
outcomes for the patient. (1, 3, 4) may be LPN/LVN may assist the registered nurse
true but are not the best answer. with these. Nitroglycerin should not be
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to administered withoutfirst knowing the
not knowing something is exhibiting patient’s blood pressure.
intellectual humility. (1) shows expertise 7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned
but not necessarily intellectual humility; about freedomfrom injury and harm. (1)
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual relates to basic needs such as air, oxygen,
integrity;
and water. (3) relates to feeling loved. (4)
(3) empathizing is positive but does is
isrelated to having positive self-esteem.
not evidence of humility.
8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order. Maslow.
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not 9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
define critical thinking but are examples 10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking
of good thinking. action. (1, 2, 4) are all positive but do not
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines show intent to take action.
whether goals are achieved and 11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the
interventions effective. (2) is the role of the situation. (1, 2) are data; (3) is a
physician. (1, 3) encompass data collection recommendation.
and imple- mentation, which are earlier
12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the
steps in the nursing process.
data provides only hip replacement as
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical the patient’s problem, (5) thedietitian is
nurse/licensed voca- tional nurse (LPN/LVN) not necessary.
can collect data, which includes
