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Samenvatting H4: deel 5: zaad

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Goede samenvatting plantkunde

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Uploaded on
January 18, 2026
Number of pages
7
Written in
2025/2026
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Summary

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ZAAD




Na bevruchting wordt het zaad gevormd:
 Ovule  zaad
 Bevruchte eicel  diploïd embryo met suspensor (embryodrager)
 Secundaire embryozak  triploïd endosperm (binnenkiemwit)
 Nucellus  perisperm (buitenkiemwit, maternaal weefsel)
 Integumenten  zaadhuid
 Wand vruchtbeginsel  vruchtwand
 Ovarium  vrucht
Voedingsstoffen worden opgestapeld




Suspensor = ‘navelstring’ dat embryo met moedercel verbind
Embryo = volledig volgroei en heeft zaad opgevuld
Als plantje kiemt komt de wortel naar buiten.

Funiculus
= navelstreng
 Aanvoer voedingsstoffen via vaatbundel
 Hilum (litteken op zaad)
Navelstreng = blauw




1

, Bij sommige plant gaat de navelstreng een metamorfose ondergaan tot:
 Echte zaadrok (bv bij lychee en taxus)  gaat nooit rond de
vrucht/zaad groeien)
 Navelpropje (bv viooltje)
De navelstreng kan suiker en olie bevatten  zorgt dat zaad verspreid
wordt via mieren en slakken.




Zaadhuid
= testa
 Ontstaan uit integumenten
o Hilum (litteken funiculus)
o Chalaza/vaatmerk (litteken waar integumenten en nucellus
samenhingen)
o Poortje (inkeping micropyle)
o Zaadnerf/raphe (verderzetting funiculus in zaadhuid)
 Eenlagig of dubbel (testa of tegmen)  de meeste soorten zijn
dubbel gelaagd
 Verhouting (macrosclereïden)




Zaadkern: embryo
 Bevruchte eicel
 Deling: basale cel + terminale cel
 Verdere deling: pro-embryo
o Terminale cel: embryo
o Basale cel: suspensor (embryodrager)
 Embryo:
o Radicula: kiemwortel (naar micropyle toe)
o Plumula: stengelapex en bladprimordia
o Hypocotyl en epicotyl

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