Straighterline Microbiology BIO250 Final Proctored
Exam Review – DONE APRIL 2025/2026 (QUESTIONS 1
– 60)
Structure of skin
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
What are the functions of the skin?
protection, vitamin D synthesis, sensation,
thermoregulation, nonverbal communication
Epidermis
Thin outer epithelial layer; contains keratin
Dermis
Thick inner layer with hair follicles, sweat and
oil ducts
,Perspiration
Provides moisture, contains lysozyme and
antimicrobial peptides
Sebum
Lipids, proteins, salt; contains fatty acids that
inhibit microbes; provides nutrients
Vesicle
Small fluid-filled blister
Bullae
Large vesicle (>1 cm)
,Macule
Flat red lesion
Papule
Raised lesion
Pustule
Pus-filled lesion
Coagulase-Negative
Includes Staphylococcus epidermidis, 90% of
normal skin flora, opportunistic pathogen,
biofilm formation on catheters
, Coagulase-Positive
Includes Staphylococcus aureus, highly
virulent, evades immune system, produces
toxins
MRSA
Resistant to methicillin
VRSA
Resistant to vancomycin
Erysipelas
Dermal skin infection caused by Streptococcus
pyogenes
Exam Review – DONE APRIL 2025/2026 (QUESTIONS 1
– 60)
Structure of skin
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
What are the functions of the skin?
protection, vitamin D synthesis, sensation,
thermoregulation, nonverbal communication
Epidermis
Thin outer epithelial layer; contains keratin
Dermis
Thick inner layer with hair follicles, sweat and
oil ducts
,Perspiration
Provides moisture, contains lysozyme and
antimicrobial peptides
Sebum
Lipids, proteins, salt; contains fatty acids that
inhibit microbes; provides nutrients
Vesicle
Small fluid-filled blister
Bullae
Large vesicle (>1 cm)
,Macule
Flat red lesion
Papule
Raised lesion
Pustule
Pus-filled lesion
Coagulase-Negative
Includes Staphylococcus epidermidis, 90% of
normal skin flora, opportunistic pathogen,
biofilm formation on catheters
, Coagulase-Positive
Includes Staphylococcus aureus, highly
virulent, evades immune system, produces
toxins
MRSA
Resistant to methicillin
VRSA
Resistant to vancomycin
Erysipelas
Dermal skin infection caused by Streptococcus
pyogenes
