Exam 1 Study Guide for NTR 213 With
Complete Solutions
Calorie - ANSWER Calorie (with a capitol "C")= kilocalorie = 1000 calories
Measure of energy in food
Proteins, carbohydrates, fat are energy-yielding nutrients
Proteins and carbohydrates = 4 calories/gram
Fat = 9 calories/gram
Alcohol = 7 calories/gram (not a nutrient)
Nutrient Density - ANSWER High nutrient density foods: contain more nutrients per
calorie
Examples: vegetables, fruits, whole-grains
Low nutrient density foods: contain fewer nutrients per calorie
Examples: cake, sugary drinks, French fries
Variety - ANSWER Eating foods from a variety of food groups
Eating a variety of foods within each food group
Benefits: increased nutrients and phytochemicals, decreased toxins
,Balance - ANSWER Balance unhealthy choices with healthy choices
Balance calories in with calories burned
Balance foods within food groups
Benefits: wider variety of nutrients and weight control
Moderation - ANSWER Moderate portion sizes
Moderate consumption of each food
Benefits: not too much of any nutrient or calories
Phytochemicals - ANSWER Non-nutrient substances that are in food that are thought to
be beneficial to the human body that are in foods from plants
(phyto refers to plants)
Zoochemicals - ANSWER Non-nutrient substances that are in food that are thought to
be beneficial to the human body that are in foods from animals (zoo refers to animals)
Essential nutrient vs Non-Essential nutrient - ANSWER Essential nutrients: our bodies
cannot make them, so it is essential that we consume them
Non-essential nutrients: our bodies can make them from other nutrients, so it is not
essential that we consume them
, Classes of nutrient; Which nutrients contain calories? - ANSWER Refer to image on slide
26 in Chapter 1.
Macronutrients contain calories. Micronutrients do not.
Steps of scientific methods - ANSWER 1. Make an observation
2. Propose a hypothesis
3. Design & conduct experiment to test hypothesis
4. Analyze results
5. Publish & present with peer review
6. Repeat and expand experiments
7. Develop theories based on results from many experiments
Epidemiological Study - ANSWER studies populations
example: fatty fish & heart disease in Alaska natives
Laboratory Study - ANSWER conducted on cells, animals, or humans completely within a
laboratory
example: eat a meal and test blood glucose
Experimental or Clinical Study - ANSWER compares an experimental or treatment group
with a control group
Complete Solutions
Calorie - ANSWER Calorie (with a capitol "C")= kilocalorie = 1000 calories
Measure of energy in food
Proteins, carbohydrates, fat are energy-yielding nutrients
Proteins and carbohydrates = 4 calories/gram
Fat = 9 calories/gram
Alcohol = 7 calories/gram (not a nutrient)
Nutrient Density - ANSWER High nutrient density foods: contain more nutrients per
calorie
Examples: vegetables, fruits, whole-grains
Low nutrient density foods: contain fewer nutrients per calorie
Examples: cake, sugary drinks, French fries
Variety - ANSWER Eating foods from a variety of food groups
Eating a variety of foods within each food group
Benefits: increased nutrients and phytochemicals, decreased toxins
,Balance - ANSWER Balance unhealthy choices with healthy choices
Balance calories in with calories burned
Balance foods within food groups
Benefits: wider variety of nutrients and weight control
Moderation - ANSWER Moderate portion sizes
Moderate consumption of each food
Benefits: not too much of any nutrient or calories
Phytochemicals - ANSWER Non-nutrient substances that are in food that are thought to
be beneficial to the human body that are in foods from plants
(phyto refers to plants)
Zoochemicals - ANSWER Non-nutrient substances that are in food that are thought to
be beneficial to the human body that are in foods from animals (zoo refers to animals)
Essential nutrient vs Non-Essential nutrient - ANSWER Essential nutrients: our bodies
cannot make them, so it is essential that we consume them
Non-essential nutrients: our bodies can make them from other nutrients, so it is not
essential that we consume them
, Classes of nutrient; Which nutrients contain calories? - ANSWER Refer to image on slide
26 in Chapter 1.
Macronutrients contain calories. Micronutrients do not.
Steps of scientific methods - ANSWER 1. Make an observation
2. Propose a hypothesis
3. Design & conduct experiment to test hypothesis
4. Analyze results
5. Publish & present with peer review
6. Repeat and expand experiments
7. Develop theories based on results from many experiments
Epidemiological Study - ANSWER studies populations
example: fatty fish & heart disease in Alaska natives
Laboratory Study - ANSWER conducted on cells, animals, or humans completely within a
laboratory
example: eat a meal and test blood glucose
Experimental or Clinical Study - ANSWER compares an experimental or treatment group
with a control group
