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NUR 210/ NUR210 Transition to Practice
Capstone Exam 4 | 2026/2027 Actual Exam
| Verified Answers | Fortis
What is bacteriostatic?
inhibits bacterial growth
what is bactericidal?
kills bacteria
What is a broad spectrum antibiotic?
- able to control a variety of organisms (gram - or +)
- used when you cannot identify what the organism causing the disease is
- targets many bacteria ("shotgun approach)
when are broad spectrum antibiotics used?
when you do not know what organism is causing the problem
What are narrow spectrum antibiotics?
- effective against few organisms (either Gram positive OR Gram negative)
- used when you know which organism is causing the problems and which drug that it is
sensitive to
- targets one organism ("bb gun approach)
When are narrow spectrum antibiotics used?
Whenever the bacteria causing the disease is known
what does selective toxicity mean?
toxic to a specific cell (bacteria/microorganism) while sparing other normal cells
is bacterial resistance innate or acquired?
both- can be either
what is meant by bacterial resistance?
ability of an organism to survive against an antimicrobial or to render the antimicrobial
ineffective
, What is a super infection?
when an infection arises in addition to one that is already present; an infection that
occurs because of treatment for a primary infection
what is meant by prophylactic antibiotic use?
antibiotics that are used to PREVENT infection
what are three surgical procedures that increase the risk for infection? what is often
given with/after the procedures to decrease the risk of infection?
1. orthopedic
2. cardiac
3. abdominal
prophylactic antibiotics given to reduce the risk of infection
why is there a risk for endocarditis with a patient who has an artificial valve, having
dental surgery?
in the gums are cut bacteria can get into the bloodstream and travel to the heart and
infect the artificial valve
how can chemotherapy increase the risk for infection? what can be given with it to
reduce the risk for infection?
affects the bone marrow; prophylactic antibiotics
what are the 5 stages of infection?
1. incubation
2. prodromal
3. acute
4. convalescent
5. resolution
what do bacteria change nitrate into? what does this indicate?
nitrite; indicates bacteria in the urine
what is one body fluid that you dont take gram stains on?
blood
how fast does a gram stain come back?
within hours
how long does a culture and sensitivity test take to come back?
24-72 hours
why should you get a urinalysis before a C & S (culture and sensitivity test)?
sometimes there is normally bacteria in urine that is not causing an infection so you can
rule out an infection if you do a urinalysis first
NUR 210/ NUR210 Transition to Practice
Capstone Exam 4 | 2026/2027 Actual Exam
| Verified Answers | Fortis
What is bacteriostatic?
inhibits bacterial growth
what is bactericidal?
kills bacteria
What is a broad spectrum antibiotic?
- able to control a variety of organisms (gram - or +)
- used when you cannot identify what the organism causing the disease is
- targets many bacteria ("shotgun approach)
when are broad spectrum antibiotics used?
when you do not know what organism is causing the problem
What are narrow spectrum antibiotics?
- effective against few organisms (either Gram positive OR Gram negative)
- used when you know which organism is causing the problems and which drug that it is
sensitive to
- targets one organism ("bb gun approach)
When are narrow spectrum antibiotics used?
Whenever the bacteria causing the disease is known
what does selective toxicity mean?
toxic to a specific cell (bacteria/microorganism) while sparing other normal cells
is bacterial resistance innate or acquired?
both- can be either
what is meant by bacterial resistance?
ability of an organism to survive against an antimicrobial or to render the antimicrobial
ineffective
, What is a super infection?
when an infection arises in addition to one that is already present; an infection that
occurs because of treatment for a primary infection
what is meant by prophylactic antibiotic use?
antibiotics that are used to PREVENT infection
what are three surgical procedures that increase the risk for infection? what is often
given with/after the procedures to decrease the risk of infection?
1. orthopedic
2. cardiac
3. abdominal
prophylactic antibiotics given to reduce the risk of infection
why is there a risk for endocarditis with a patient who has an artificial valve, having
dental surgery?
in the gums are cut bacteria can get into the bloodstream and travel to the heart and
infect the artificial valve
how can chemotherapy increase the risk for infection? what can be given with it to
reduce the risk for infection?
affects the bone marrow; prophylactic antibiotics
what are the 5 stages of infection?
1. incubation
2. prodromal
3. acute
4. convalescent
5. resolution
what do bacteria change nitrate into? what does this indicate?
nitrite; indicates bacteria in the urine
what is one body fluid that you dont take gram stains on?
blood
how fast does a gram stain come back?
within hours
how long does a culture and sensitivity test take to come back?
24-72 hours
why should you get a urinalysis before a C & S (culture and sensitivity test)?
sometimes there is normally bacteria in urine that is not causing an infection so you can
rule out an infection if you do a urinalysis first
