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NUR 210/ NUR210 Transition to Practice
Capstone Exam 4 V2 | 2026/2027 Actual
Exam | Verified Answers | Fortis
What are three lab tests we run for chest pain?
Creatine Kinase, Troponin, Myoglobin
What are the details about Creatine Kinase?
It's specific to myocardial cells, because if myocardial cells are damaged, CK is released.
This number peaks in 15-20 hours after incident.
What about Troponin?
Levels rise more quickly, and is more specific to heart damage than CK. Peaks in same
amount of time.
What about Myoglobin test?
Rises very quickly after MI, and is cleared in one day. IT can only be measured within 12
of hours of MI
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers
When the value is elevated, then the heart is being overworked. The uretic is given so
kidneys will pee out fluid and relieve stress on the heart.
Difference between HDL, LDL, and triglycerides?
HDL is considered the good, LDL the bad, and Tri is the ugly. HDL should be higher to
protect the body
Define these four ECG's
Telemetry, 12 lead, holter, and stress
Telemetry keeps a track of the electrical activity of the heart
12 lead is twelve different electrodes across the body to get all the best angles of the
heart function
Holter is remote tracing that people wear for a few days to look for correlation between
activity and heart rate
Tress test is where you put a 12 lead on someone and have them walk.
What is an ECHO and how do you read it? Transesophageal?
You read it upside down and backwards (LV is upper right). This helps us see how the
left ventricle is working because it has the most amount of push and work in the heart.
We sedate patients and put a tube down the esophagus to help get a clearer picture
, What is an angiogram and where do you do it from?
This is the most evasive way to view the heart. You do it femorally or radially, and it
helps us check for blockages and/or heart disease. We inject die into vascular part of the
heart.
Numbers for prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension
Pre: 120-139 or 80-89
Stage 1: greater than 139 or 89
Difference between systole and diastole
Systole is the heart squeezing and pumping from the artery
Diastole is when the heart is at rest and filling up
Numbers for stage 2 hypertension
Over 160 and 100
Why was primary hypertension once called essential hypertension?
Because it was providing the adequate amount of perfusion
What are contributing factors to primary hypertension?
Age
Hyperactive SNS
Hyperactive renin-angiotensin system (kidneys are working overtime and sodium is
being reabsorbed)
Endothelial dysfunction (inner lining artery damage, making it more difficult to expand
and contract)
What is secondary hypertension?
Hypertension with an identifiable cause
Secondary Hypertension causes?
Renal disease, coronary artery disease, pregnancy, drug therapy, sleep apnea
Long term effects of hypertension
MI, heart failure, kidney disease, stroke, PAD, retinopathy
What is cardiac output and the normal cardiac output?
The amount of blood pumped OUT of the heart every minute. This number is 4 L a
minute on average.
What is ejection fraction and how do you find it and what is the normal?
The amount (%) of blood getting pumped each time a heart beats. You can find this
number from an ECHO. The normal percentage is 50-80%.
NUR 210/ NUR210 Transition to Practice
Capstone Exam 4 V2 | 2026/2027 Actual
Exam | Verified Answers | Fortis
What are three lab tests we run for chest pain?
Creatine Kinase, Troponin, Myoglobin
What are the details about Creatine Kinase?
It's specific to myocardial cells, because if myocardial cells are damaged, CK is released.
This number peaks in 15-20 hours after incident.
What about Troponin?
Levels rise more quickly, and is more specific to heart damage than CK. Peaks in same
amount of time.
What about Myoglobin test?
Rises very quickly after MI, and is cleared in one day. IT can only be measured within 12
of hours of MI
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers
When the value is elevated, then the heart is being overworked. The uretic is given so
kidneys will pee out fluid and relieve stress on the heart.
Difference between HDL, LDL, and triglycerides?
HDL is considered the good, LDL the bad, and Tri is the ugly. HDL should be higher to
protect the body
Define these four ECG's
Telemetry, 12 lead, holter, and stress
Telemetry keeps a track of the electrical activity of the heart
12 lead is twelve different electrodes across the body to get all the best angles of the
heart function
Holter is remote tracing that people wear for a few days to look for correlation between
activity and heart rate
Tress test is where you put a 12 lead on someone and have them walk.
What is an ECHO and how do you read it? Transesophageal?
You read it upside down and backwards (LV is upper right). This helps us see how the
left ventricle is working because it has the most amount of push and work in the heart.
We sedate patients and put a tube down the esophagus to help get a clearer picture
, What is an angiogram and where do you do it from?
This is the most evasive way to view the heart. You do it femorally or radially, and it
helps us check for blockages and/or heart disease. We inject die into vascular part of the
heart.
Numbers for prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension
Pre: 120-139 or 80-89
Stage 1: greater than 139 or 89
Difference between systole and diastole
Systole is the heart squeezing and pumping from the artery
Diastole is when the heart is at rest and filling up
Numbers for stage 2 hypertension
Over 160 and 100
Why was primary hypertension once called essential hypertension?
Because it was providing the adequate amount of perfusion
What are contributing factors to primary hypertension?
Age
Hyperactive SNS
Hyperactive renin-angiotensin system (kidneys are working overtime and sodium is
being reabsorbed)
Endothelial dysfunction (inner lining artery damage, making it more difficult to expand
and contract)
What is secondary hypertension?
Hypertension with an identifiable cause
Secondary Hypertension causes?
Renal disease, coronary artery disease, pregnancy, drug therapy, sleep apnea
Long term effects of hypertension
MI, heart failure, kidney disease, stroke, PAD, retinopathy
What is cardiac output and the normal cardiac output?
The amount of blood pumped OUT of the heart every minute. This number is 4 L a
minute on average.
What is ejection fraction and how do you find it and what is the normal?
The amount (%) of blood getting pumped each time a heart beats. You can find this
number from an ECHO. The normal percentage is 50-80%.
