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HESI A2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
ACTUAL NEWEST EXAM 2026 | ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS | NEW AND REVISED
What is the name of the bone in the human thigh?
A. Ulna
B. Femur
C. Radius
D. Humerus - ANSWER- B. The ulna (choice A), radius (choice C), and
humerus (choice D) are arm bones.
The ovaries are part of the ___________.
A. skeletal system
B. nervous system
C. lymphatic system
D. reproductive system - ANSWER- D. The ovaries are the egg-
producing reproductive organs.
Of the following processes, which one is a different level of defense
from the others?
A. A low pH in the stomach
B. Cilia present in the trachea
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C. Body cells recognizing a pathogen
D. Mucus present in the nasal cavity - ANSWER- C. A low pH in the
stomach (choice A), cilia in the trachea (choice B), and mucus (D) are
primary defenses. Cells recognizing a pathogen (choice C) is a third line
of defense.
Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle
growth?
A. The skeletal system
B. The endocrine system
C. The nervous system
D. The reproductive system - ANSWER- B. Hormones from the
endocrine system, particularly from the pituitary gland, regulate growth.
Which parts of the heart are separated by the mitral valve?
A. Left atrium and right atrium
B. Right atrium and right extremities
C. Left ventricle and right ventricle
D. Left atrium and left ventricle - ANSWER- D. The mitral valve opens
to allow oxygenated blood collected in the left atrium to flow into the
left ventricle
How might vitamin D deficiency present?
A. As bleeding gums
B. As swollen extremities
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C. As red patches
D. As crooked bones - ANSWER- D. The disease known as rickets is a
product of vitamin D deficiency and results in the softening and bending
of bones.
How does the lymphatic system work with the circulatory system?
A. The circulatory system produces red blood cells for the lymphatic
system.
B. Lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the
blood vessels.
C. The heart regulates the production of lymph in the lymph glands.
D. White cells from the lymphatic system eliminate excess red blood
cells. - ANSWER- B. One of the jobs of the lymphatic system is to
prevent excess fluid from accumulating in tissues by collecting it and
moving it into the circulatory system via the brachiocephalic veins.
What is the function of parathyroid hormone?
A. Increasing energy levels
B. Stimulating cell reproduction
C. Speeding up metabolism
D. Activating vitamin D - ANSWER- D. The parathyroid hormone
regulates calcium in the body through several means, one of which is
increasing the production of activated vitamin D.
Which feature of the ear is most medial?
A. Pinna
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B. Tympanic membrane
C. Cochlea
D. Outer canal - ANSWER- C. The most medial feature is the one
closest to the middle of the body.
Which of the following are considered normal values for the measure of
a person's pulse and blood pressure?
A. 55 beats per minute and 75 over 60 mm Hg
B. 72 beats per minute and 120 over 80 mm Hg
C. 100 beats per minute and 140 over 100 mm Hg
D. 160 beats per minute and 100 over 70 mm Hg - ANSWER- B. The
average person in good health has a pulse of about 72 beats per minute
and a blood pressure of 120 over 80 mm Hg.
How does a sagittal section divide the body?
A. Into right and left regions
B. Into upper and lower regions
C. Into front and back regions
D. Between the dorsal and ventral cavities - ANSWER- A. A sagittal
section occurs along a longitudinal plane, dividing the body into right
and left regions.
How is pepsin used by the body?
A. To break down proteins
B. To break down starches
HESI A2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
ACTUAL NEWEST EXAM 2026 | ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS | NEW AND REVISED
What is the name of the bone in the human thigh?
A. Ulna
B. Femur
C. Radius
D. Humerus - ANSWER- B. The ulna (choice A), radius (choice C), and
humerus (choice D) are arm bones.
The ovaries are part of the ___________.
A. skeletal system
B. nervous system
C. lymphatic system
D. reproductive system - ANSWER- D. The ovaries are the egg-
producing reproductive organs.
Of the following processes, which one is a different level of defense
from the others?
A. A low pH in the stomach
B. Cilia present in the trachea
,2|Page
C. Body cells recognizing a pathogen
D. Mucus present in the nasal cavity - ANSWER- C. A low pH in the
stomach (choice A), cilia in the trachea (choice B), and mucus (D) are
primary defenses. Cells recognizing a pathogen (choice C) is a third line
of defense.
Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle
growth?
A. The skeletal system
B. The endocrine system
C. The nervous system
D. The reproductive system - ANSWER- B. Hormones from the
endocrine system, particularly from the pituitary gland, regulate growth.
Which parts of the heart are separated by the mitral valve?
A. Left atrium and right atrium
B. Right atrium and right extremities
C. Left ventricle and right ventricle
D. Left atrium and left ventricle - ANSWER- D. The mitral valve opens
to allow oxygenated blood collected in the left atrium to flow into the
left ventricle
How might vitamin D deficiency present?
A. As bleeding gums
B. As swollen extremities
,3|Page
C. As red patches
D. As crooked bones - ANSWER- D. The disease known as rickets is a
product of vitamin D deficiency and results in the softening and bending
of bones.
How does the lymphatic system work with the circulatory system?
A. The circulatory system produces red blood cells for the lymphatic
system.
B. Lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the
blood vessels.
C. The heart regulates the production of lymph in the lymph glands.
D. White cells from the lymphatic system eliminate excess red blood
cells. - ANSWER- B. One of the jobs of the lymphatic system is to
prevent excess fluid from accumulating in tissues by collecting it and
moving it into the circulatory system via the brachiocephalic veins.
What is the function of parathyroid hormone?
A. Increasing energy levels
B. Stimulating cell reproduction
C. Speeding up metabolism
D. Activating vitamin D - ANSWER- D. The parathyroid hormone
regulates calcium in the body through several means, one of which is
increasing the production of activated vitamin D.
Which feature of the ear is most medial?
A. Pinna
, 4|Page
B. Tympanic membrane
C. Cochlea
D. Outer canal - ANSWER- C. The most medial feature is the one
closest to the middle of the body.
Which of the following are considered normal values for the measure of
a person's pulse and blood pressure?
A. 55 beats per minute and 75 over 60 mm Hg
B. 72 beats per minute and 120 over 80 mm Hg
C. 100 beats per minute and 140 over 100 mm Hg
D. 160 beats per minute and 100 over 70 mm Hg - ANSWER- B. The
average person in good health has a pulse of about 72 beats per minute
and a blood pressure of 120 over 80 mm Hg.
How does a sagittal section divide the body?
A. Into right and left regions
B. Into upper and lower regions
C. Into front and back regions
D. Between the dorsal and ventral cavities - ANSWER- A. A sagittal
section occurs along a longitudinal plane, dividing the body into right
and left regions.
How is pepsin used by the body?
A. To break down proteins
B. To break down starches
