PSYC 3050 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Work-Family Balance - Answers -an area of research that investigates the experiences
of employees at work and at home (away from work) and the degree to which
experiences in one domain affects the other
Describe a situation in which work-family balance results in conflicting demands and
goals. - Answers -The need to work overtime for a promotion may conflict with the need
to go to your child's soccer game.
Compare and contrast the effectiveness of continuous and intermittent rewards. -
Answers -Continuous rewards are given after every desirable behavior. Intermittent
rewards are given randomly after a desirable behavior. Intermittent rewards produce
higher performance levels.
Job Enrichment - Answers -a method in which to increase motivation by making jobs
more interesting
What are the five components of job enrichment? Describe each. - Answers -1. Skill
Variety: make a job require and utilize a variety of different skills.
2. Task Significance: adding value to the task; making workers understand that they are
important and that the work that they are doing is important
3. Task identity: giving employees jobs with specific beginning and ends
4. Autonomy: give autonomy to how employees do their job
5. Task feedback: give employees positive and negative feedback
What is the theory called that suggests that tension exists when individuals hold
incompatible thoughts?
a. Dissonance theory
b. Equity theory
c. Comparison theory
d. Incompatibility theory - Answers -a. Dissonance theory
The feedback loop in goal setting theory deals with the discrepancy between:
a. Actual goal accomplishment and expected goal accomplishment of peers.
b. Actual goal accomplishment and the failures the person has experienced.
c. Actual goal accomplishment and the goal to which the person was committed.
d. Actual goal accomplishment and the actual goal accomplishment of peers. - Answers
-c. Actual goal accomplishment and the goal to which the person was committed.
Describe the Hawthorne Effect. - Answers -The experiment started as a measure of job
performance; however, that changed. It didn't answer anything about productivity;
,however, it opened the door to research to job satisfaction. It didn't matter the type of
light placed in the factory. Productivity increased across the board. The mere attention
to employees improved productivity. What happens to participants when they are
watched by the experimenter? Individuals act differently when they are watched.
Describe the history of job satisfaction. - Answers -It was originally thought that people
were only motivated by wages and rewards. Job satisfaction was through to be linked
with labor unrest and productivity. However, the Hawthorne experiment proved that this
was not the case.
Job Satisfaction - Answers -the overall positive attitude or emotional state resulting
form appraisal of one's job
True or False: Job satisfaction originates from every employee. - Answers -True
Events - Answers -employees perception of work characteristics
Agents - Answers -characteristics about the individual employees, companies, and
coworkers
What are the two antecedents (predictors) of job satisfaction? - Answers -1. Events
2. Agents
What are the two components that make up events? - Answers -1. Work Itself
2. Reward Structure
More challenging work leads to _______________ job satisfaction. - Answers -higher
More physically-demanding work leads to ________________ job satisfaction. -
Answers -low
The rewards structure of job satisfaction is dependent on if the reward is
_____________ and ________________. - Answers -fair; justified
What are the three components that make up agents of job satisfaction? - Answers -1.
Self
2. Peers
3. Company
What are the three outcomes of job satisfaction? - Answers -1. Motivation
2. Withdrawal
3. Performance
Task Performance - Answers -proficiency with which job incumbents perform activities
that are formally recognized as part of their job
, What are two ways to measure job satisfaction? Describe each. - Answers -1. Overall
Satisfaction: This is satisfaction with the job as a whole, a combination of facet-level
satisfaction.
2. Facet Satisfaction: This is satisfaction that is related to job specific elements.
What are two popular ways to measure facet job satisfaction? - Answers -1. Job
Descriptive Index (JDI)
2. Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)
Describe the job descriptive index (JDI). - Answers -The JDI assesses satisfaction with
work, supervision, people, pay, and promotion.
What are the three specific attitudes? - Answers -1. Commitment
2. Organizational Identification
3. Employee Engagement
Commitment - Answers -the psychological and emotional attachment that an individual
feels to a relationship, organization, goal, or occupation
Organizational Commitment - Answers -the attachment one feels to an organization
What are the three elements of organizational commitment? - Answers -1. Acceptance
and belief on an organization's values - general beliefs
2. A willingness to exert effort on behalf of the organization to help meet the goals of
that organization - motivation to engage in behaviors on the job
3. A strong desire to remain in the organization - desire to remain with the organization
What are the three forms of organizational commitment? - Answers -1. Affective
Commitment
2. Continuance Commitment
3. Normative Commitment
Affective Commitment - Answers -emotional attachment to an organization
Continuance Commitment - Answers -perceived cost of leaving the organization
Normative Commitment - Answers -obligation to remain in the organization
Describe the commitment seen in millennial. - Answers -In the millennial generation,
there is more of a focus on work-life balance.
Organizational Identification - Answers -the process whereby individuals derive a
feeling of pride and esteem from their association with an organization
Organizational Disidentification - Answers -the process by which employees distance
themselves from the organization for which they work
Work-Family Balance - Answers -an area of research that investigates the experiences
of employees at work and at home (away from work) and the degree to which
experiences in one domain affects the other
Describe a situation in which work-family balance results in conflicting demands and
goals. - Answers -The need to work overtime for a promotion may conflict with the need
to go to your child's soccer game.
Compare and contrast the effectiveness of continuous and intermittent rewards. -
Answers -Continuous rewards are given after every desirable behavior. Intermittent
rewards are given randomly after a desirable behavior. Intermittent rewards produce
higher performance levels.
Job Enrichment - Answers -a method in which to increase motivation by making jobs
more interesting
What are the five components of job enrichment? Describe each. - Answers -1. Skill
Variety: make a job require and utilize a variety of different skills.
2. Task Significance: adding value to the task; making workers understand that they are
important and that the work that they are doing is important
3. Task identity: giving employees jobs with specific beginning and ends
4. Autonomy: give autonomy to how employees do their job
5. Task feedback: give employees positive and negative feedback
What is the theory called that suggests that tension exists when individuals hold
incompatible thoughts?
a. Dissonance theory
b. Equity theory
c. Comparison theory
d. Incompatibility theory - Answers -a. Dissonance theory
The feedback loop in goal setting theory deals with the discrepancy between:
a. Actual goal accomplishment and expected goal accomplishment of peers.
b. Actual goal accomplishment and the failures the person has experienced.
c. Actual goal accomplishment and the goal to which the person was committed.
d. Actual goal accomplishment and the actual goal accomplishment of peers. - Answers
-c. Actual goal accomplishment and the goal to which the person was committed.
Describe the Hawthorne Effect. - Answers -The experiment started as a measure of job
performance; however, that changed. It didn't answer anything about productivity;
,however, it opened the door to research to job satisfaction. It didn't matter the type of
light placed in the factory. Productivity increased across the board. The mere attention
to employees improved productivity. What happens to participants when they are
watched by the experimenter? Individuals act differently when they are watched.
Describe the history of job satisfaction. - Answers -It was originally thought that people
were only motivated by wages and rewards. Job satisfaction was through to be linked
with labor unrest and productivity. However, the Hawthorne experiment proved that this
was not the case.
Job Satisfaction - Answers -the overall positive attitude or emotional state resulting
form appraisal of one's job
True or False: Job satisfaction originates from every employee. - Answers -True
Events - Answers -employees perception of work characteristics
Agents - Answers -characteristics about the individual employees, companies, and
coworkers
What are the two antecedents (predictors) of job satisfaction? - Answers -1. Events
2. Agents
What are the two components that make up events? - Answers -1. Work Itself
2. Reward Structure
More challenging work leads to _______________ job satisfaction. - Answers -higher
More physically-demanding work leads to ________________ job satisfaction. -
Answers -low
The rewards structure of job satisfaction is dependent on if the reward is
_____________ and ________________. - Answers -fair; justified
What are the three components that make up agents of job satisfaction? - Answers -1.
Self
2. Peers
3. Company
What are the three outcomes of job satisfaction? - Answers -1. Motivation
2. Withdrawal
3. Performance
Task Performance - Answers -proficiency with which job incumbents perform activities
that are formally recognized as part of their job
, What are two ways to measure job satisfaction? Describe each. - Answers -1. Overall
Satisfaction: This is satisfaction with the job as a whole, a combination of facet-level
satisfaction.
2. Facet Satisfaction: This is satisfaction that is related to job specific elements.
What are two popular ways to measure facet job satisfaction? - Answers -1. Job
Descriptive Index (JDI)
2. Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)
Describe the job descriptive index (JDI). - Answers -The JDI assesses satisfaction with
work, supervision, people, pay, and promotion.
What are the three specific attitudes? - Answers -1. Commitment
2. Organizational Identification
3. Employee Engagement
Commitment - Answers -the psychological and emotional attachment that an individual
feels to a relationship, organization, goal, or occupation
Organizational Commitment - Answers -the attachment one feels to an organization
What are the three elements of organizational commitment? - Answers -1. Acceptance
and belief on an organization's values - general beliefs
2. A willingness to exert effort on behalf of the organization to help meet the goals of
that organization - motivation to engage in behaviors on the job
3. A strong desire to remain in the organization - desire to remain with the organization
What are the three forms of organizational commitment? - Answers -1. Affective
Commitment
2. Continuance Commitment
3. Normative Commitment
Affective Commitment - Answers -emotional attachment to an organization
Continuance Commitment - Answers -perceived cost of leaving the organization
Normative Commitment - Answers -obligation to remain in the organization
Describe the commitment seen in millennial. - Answers -In the millennial generation,
there is more of a focus on work-life balance.
Organizational Identification - Answers -the process whereby individuals derive a
feeling of pride and esteem from their association with an organization
Organizational Disidentification - Answers -the process by which employees distance
themselves from the organization for which they work
