midterm questions n answers
2025/2026
what different factors constrain topic selection? - ANS ✔✔purpose, audience, context, time
frame
purpose - ANS ✔✔The first major constraint someone can have involves the general purpose of
the speech.
there are three general purposes: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain
audience - ANS ✔✔different audiences have different political, religious, and ideological
leanings
the best way to prevent yourself from picking a topic that is inappropriate for a specific
audience is to really know your audience
context - ANS ✔✔there are many different contexts in which we can find ourselves speaking
in each different context, the expectations for the speaker are going to be unique and different
time frame - ANS ✔✔narrow your topic to something that is more realistically manageable
within your allocated time
why is outlining important? - ANS ✔✔your outline can help you stay focused on the thesis of
your presentation as you prepare your presentation by testing the scope of your content,
examining logical relationships between topics, and checking the relevance of supporting ideas
your outline can help you organize your message by making sure all main points are well
developed
, needs to be organized in logical patterns and exclude irrelevant information
what are three important types of outlines? - ANS ✔✔full sentence outline, working outline,
and speaking outline
full sentence outline - ANS ✔✔lays a strong foundation for your message, it will call on you to
have one clear and specific purpose for your message
working outline - ANS ✔✔an outline you use for developing your speech
must have general and specific purpose, an intro including a grabber, and a concrete specific
thesis statement and a preview, three main points, conclusion, and a list of references
speaking outline - ANS ✔✔includes far less detail, whenever possible include key words and
phrases, in some instances, an extended quotation will need to be fully written on your
speaking outline
use to prepare notecards
what is communication apprehension? - ANS ✔✔an individual's fear or anxiety associated with
real or anticipated communication with another person or persons
why is it good to have moderate levels of speaking anxiety? - ANS ✔✔the physiological changes
produced in the body at critical moments are designed to contribute to the efficient use of
muscles and expand available energy
what is sympathetic listening? - ANS ✔✔to share or commiserate with someone's feelings,
sympathetic listening involves giving ear to the speaker's situation and attempting to show
understanding, compassion, and support