AC-HPAT Prep (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Math)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_idpwrp
1. Most of the cell mem- Proteins
brane's specific func-
tions are controlled by:
2. Alcoholic Fermentation Anaerobic Respiration
is a form of:
3. Phagocytosis is a form Endocytosis
of:
4. What is a pyruvate? Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is the
output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule
of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then
used to provide further energy, in one of two ways.
5. What are the small Ribosomes
spherical bodies within a
cell where proteins are
assembled according to
genetic instructions?
6. What is the structural The cell
and functional unit of
life?
7. What is a prokaryotic A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
cell?
8. What is a eukaryotic cell? A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
9. What is cellular respira- A catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which sometimes
tion? oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At times,
the process proceeds without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
, AC-HPAT Prep (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Math)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_idpwrp
10. What is anaerobic respi- A form of cellular respiration that does not involve oxygen.
ration?
11. What is aerobic respira- Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to generate energy.
tion?
12. Name the four types Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
of transport that allow
small molecules to move
across the cell mem-
brane:
13. Prokaryotes often repro- Binary Fission
duce by:
14. What is binary fission? A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides into two
identical halves.
15. What is cytokinesis? The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells, which
occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
16. What is a haploid cell? A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
17. What is a diploid cell? A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
18. What is chromatin? The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed, con-
sisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA.
19. What is a centriole? a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in
pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
20. What is a chromosome? A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in the nucleus,
consisting of DNA and protein.
, AC-HPAT Prep (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Math)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_idpwrp
21. What is DNA? A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating
and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes
up the genetic material of most living organisms and plays a role in
determining heredity.
22. What is RNA? A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis.
It is responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA to
specialized sites within the cell where the information is translated into
protein composition.
23. What is a nucleotide? A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA
are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists
of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA)
attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
24. What is transcription? Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of
DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ...
This complex initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins
mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the original DNA
strand.
25. What is translation? Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the
information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Trans-
lation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for
the synthesis of proteins
26. What is endocytosis and Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance or particle from
exocytosis? outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing
it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with
the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of
the cell
27. What is a chromotid?
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_idpwrp
1. Most of the cell mem- Proteins
brane's specific func-
tions are controlled by:
2. Alcoholic Fermentation Anaerobic Respiration
is a form of:
3. Phagocytosis is a form Endocytosis
of:
4. What is a pyruvate? Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is the
output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule
of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then
used to provide further energy, in one of two ways.
5. What are the small Ribosomes
spherical bodies within a
cell where proteins are
assembled according to
genetic instructions?
6. What is the structural The cell
and functional unit of
life?
7. What is a prokaryotic A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
cell?
8. What is a eukaryotic cell? A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
9. What is cellular respira- A catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which sometimes
tion? oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At times,
the process proceeds without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
, AC-HPAT Prep (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Math)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_idpwrp
10. What is anaerobic respi- A form of cellular respiration that does not involve oxygen.
ration?
11. What is aerobic respira- Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to generate energy.
tion?
12. Name the four types Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
of transport that allow
small molecules to move
across the cell mem-
brane:
13. Prokaryotes often repro- Binary Fission
duce by:
14. What is binary fission? A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides into two
identical halves.
15. What is cytokinesis? The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells, which
occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
16. What is a haploid cell? A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
17. What is a diploid cell? A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
18. What is chromatin? The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed, con-
sisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA.
19. What is a centriole? a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in
pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
20. What is a chromosome? A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in the nucleus,
consisting of DNA and protein.
, AC-HPAT Prep (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Math)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_idpwrp
21. What is DNA? A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating
and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes
up the genetic material of most living organisms and plays a role in
determining heredity.
22. What is RNA? A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis.
It is responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA to
specialized sites within the cell where the information is translated into
protein composition.
23. What is a nucleotide? A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA
are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists
of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA)
attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
24. What is transcription? Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of
DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ...
This complex initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins
mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the original DNA
strand.
25. What is translation? Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the
information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Trans-
lation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for
the synthesis of proteins
26. What is endocytosis and Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance or particle from
exocytosis? outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing
it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with
the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of
the cell
27. What is a chromotid?
