NU578 - Pharmacology - Unit 1 Test
Questions And Answers Verified 100%
Correct
MOST common cause of ADRs in the elderly - ANSWER -Progressive decline in
renal function and resulting drug accumulation
Agonist - ANSWER -A molecule that binds to a receptor and activates the
receptor to produce a biological response.
Antagonist - ANSWER -a molecule that, by binding to a receptor site, inhibits or
blocks a response
non-competetive antagonist - ANSWER -Bind irreversibly to receptors
Decrease the total number of receptors available for activation
competetive antagonist - ANSWER -Bind reversibly to receptors
Receptor with be occupied by whichever molecule is in highest concentration
partial agonist - ANSWER -a drug that binds to a receptor and causes a response
that is less than that caused by a full agonist
Can act as an agonist and an antagonist
therapeutic index - ANSWER -ratio of LD50 to ED50
The higher the therapeutic index, the safer the drug
LD50 = Dose that is lethal to 50% of population
ED50 = Dose that produces therapeutic effect in 50% of population
, Pharmacogenomics - ANSWER -The study of how genetic variations affect
individual responses to drugs
Autonomic Nervous System - ANSWER -controls cardiac & smooth muscles, &
glandular
secretion
Sympathetic: - ANSWER -"fight-or-flight"
Regulates cardiovascular system
Temperature
Parasympathetic: - ANSWER -"rest & digest"
SLows HR
Increased gastric secretion
Empty bladder & bowel
Focus eyes
Constrict pupils
Contract bronchial smooth muscle
Peripheral Nervous System Neurotransmitters - ANSWER -Acetylcholine,
norepinephrine, epinephrine
cholinergic receptors - ANSWER -receptors that mediate responses to
acetylcholine
adrenergic receptors - ANSWER -receptor sites for the sympathetic
neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine
types of cholinergic receptors - ANSWER -nicotinic and muscarinic
types of adrenergic receptors - ANSWER -alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2
Αlpha 1 - ANSWER -Vasoconstriction
,↓secretions
pupil dilation
↓GI motility
urinary retention
alpha 1 agonists uses - ANSWER -Vasoconstriction:
Nasal decongestion
Adjunct to anesthesia
Increase BP
Mydriasis:
Pupil dilation for exam/surgery
Adverse effects of alpha 1 agonists - ANSWER -HTN
Necrosis
Bradycardia
Alpha 2 - ANSWER -CNS sympathetic outflow (postsynaptic)
↓NE release (presynaptic)
↓insulin release
Alpha 2 agonist uses - ANSWER -Reduction of sympathetic outflow fo heart and
vessels
Relief of severe pain
Beta 1 - ANSWER -↑HR, CO, automaticity, contractility,
↑renin secretion
Beta 1 agonist uses - ANSWER -Heart failure
Shock
AV heart block
Cardiac arrest
Adverse effects of beta 1 agonists - ANSWER -tachycardia
, dysrhythmias
angina 2/2 increased oxygen demand
Beta 2 - ANSWER -Bronchial relaxation
Uterine relaxation
Vasodilation
Beta 2 agonist uses - ANSWER -Asthma
Delay of preterm labor
Adverse effects of beta 2 agonist - ANSWER -Hyperglycemia, Tremor
Dopamine - ANSWER -increased HR
increased BP
Treatment of anaphylaxis - ANSWER -Epinephrine!
Activates alpha1, beta1 & beta 2
Vasoconstriction increases BP, reduces glottis edema
Epinephrine - ANSWER -Vasoconstriction
Bronchodilation,
↑ HR,
↑ glucose,
↑ lipolysis,
GI relaxation
- cardiac stimulant,
- anaphylaxis,
- Combined w/local Anesthetics
norepinephrine (Levophed) - ANSWER -↑ vasoconstriction so intense it causes a
reflex ↓HR
Questions And Answers Verified 100%
Correct
MOST common cause of ADRs in the elderly - ANSWER -Progressive decline in
renal function and resulting drug accumulation
Agonist - ANSWER -A molecule that binds to a receptor and activates the
receptor to produce a biological response.
Antagonist - ANSWER -a molecule that, by binding to a receptor site, inhibits or
blocks a response
non-competetive antagonist - ANSWER -Bind irreversibly to receptors
Decrease the total number of receptors available for activation
competetive antagonist - ANSWER -Bind reversibly to receptors
Receptor with be occupied by whichever molecule is in highest concentration
partial agonist - ANSWER -a drug that binds to a receptor and causes a response
that is less than that caused by a full agonist
Can act as an agonist and an antagonist
therapeutic index - ANSWER -ratio of LD50 to ED50
The higher the therapeutic index, the safer the drug
LD50 = Dose that is lethal to 50% of population
ED50 = Dose that produces therapeutic effect in 50% of population
, Pharmacogenomics - ANSWER -The study of how genetic variations affect
individual responses to drugs
Autonomic Nervous System - ANSWER -controls cardiac & smooth muscles, &
glandular
secretion
Sympathetic: - ANSWER -"fight-or-flight"
Regulates cardiovascular system
Temperature
Parasympathetic: - ANSWER -"rest & digest"
SLows HR
Increased gastric secretion
Empty bladder & bowel
Focus eyes
Constrict pupils
Contract bronchial smooth muscle
Peripheral Nervous System Neurotransmitters - ANSWER -Acetylcholine,
norepinephrine, epinephrine
cholinergic receptors - ANSWER -receptors that mediate responses to
acetylcholine
adrenergic receptors - ANSWER -receptor sites for the sympathetic
neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine
types of cholinergic receptors - ANSWER -nicotinic and muscarinic
types of adrenergic receptors - ANSWER -alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2
Αlpha 1 - ANSWER -Vasoconstriction
,↓secretions
pupil dilation
↓GI motility
urinary retention
alpha 1 agonists uses - ANSWER -Vasoconstriction:
Nasal decongestion
Adjunct to anesthesia
Increase BP
Mydriasis:
Pupil dilation for exam/surgery
Adverse effects of alpha 1 agonists - ANSWER -HTN
Necrosis
Bradycardia
Alpha 2 - ANSWER -CNS sympathetic outflow (postsynaptic)
↓NE release (presynaptic)
↓insulin release
Alpha 2 agonist uses - ANSWER -Reduction of sympathetic outflow fo heart and
vessels
Relief of severe pain
Beta 1 - ANSWER -↑HR, CO, automaticity, contractility,
↑renin secretion
Beta 1 agonist uses - ANSWER -Heart failure
Shock
AV heart block
Cardiac arrest
Adverse effects of beta 1 agonists - ANSWER -tachycardia
, dysrhythmias
angina 2/2 increased oxygen demand
Beta 2 - ANSWER -Bronchial relaxation
Uterine relaxation
Vasodilation
Beta 2 agonist uses - ANSWER -Asthma
Delay of preterm labor
Adverse effects of beta 2 agonist - ANSWER -Hyperglycemia, Tremor
Dopamine - ANSWER -increased HR
increased BP
Treatment of anaphylaxis - ANSWER -Epinephrine!
Activates alpha1, beta1 & beta 2
Vasoconstriction increases BP, reduces glottis edema
Epinephrine - ANSWER -Vasoconstriction
Bronchodilation,
↑ HR,
↑ glucose,
↑ lipolysis,
GI relaxation
- cardiac stimulant,
- anaphylaxis,
- Combined w/local Anesthetics
norepinephrine (Levophed) - ANSWER -↑ vasoconstriction so intense it causes a
reflex ↓HR
