Soci 121 Midterm Questions and Verified
Answers
Pronatalist Correct Answer: belief that supports and encourages human reproduction. Value in
population growth
Positive check Correct Answer: Misery. Hunger, poverty, and disease. The ultimate check on population
size is availability of food and other resources. If preventative check are not used to control population,
eventually positive checks will take over. The ultimate check on population size is the availability of
food and other resources.
Preventative Check Correct Answer: Vice. Prostitution, venereal disease, homosexuality and notably
abortion and birth control. Fertility within marriage should also not be restrained.
moral restraint Correct Answer: celibacy before marriage, marriage should be delayed until man is able
to make a living capable of supporting a family.
Social implication Correct Answer: social welfare would only encourage the poor to have children when
they cannot support them.
Social Darwinism Correct Answer: influenced Malthus, there are underlying, and largely irresistible,
forces acting in societies which are like the natural forces that operate in animal and plant communities.
One can therefore formulate social laws similar to natural ones. These social forces are of such a kind as
to produce evolutionary progress through the natural conflicts between social groups. The best adapted
and most successful social groups survive these conflicts, raising the evolutionary level of society
generally "survival of the fittest"
Malthusianism Correct Answer: 1798 "Essay in the principle of population as it affects the future
improvement of society." One of the most important population theories historically. Main contribution
was that population has environmental consequences. Humans, like plants and animals, are impelled to
increase in population instinctually, due to passion between the sexes. The food necessary for the
population increases exponentially, food increases arithmetically. Therefore, food supply cannot keep up
with population growth. Overpopulation forces wages to be low and decreases food available to people.
Population growth leads to poverty.
Critique of Malthusianism Correct Answer: the assertion the food production could not keep up with
population growth. The assertion that poverty was an inevitable result of population. The assertion that
welfare encourage larger family size. Belief that moral restraint was the only acceptable preventive
check.
neo-Malthusianism Correct Answer: agree with the idea that population increase can lead to scarcity of
resources, but favor contraception instead of 'moral restraint'
, Fundamental causes of disease approach Correct Answer: Link and Phelan, views social conditions,
poverty, and socioeconomic characteristics as the underlying causes of disease and death. eating healthy
food, which could reduce the risk of obesity, is related to the cost of those foods and their availability.
people who live in poor areas often have less access to fresh and nutritious food, and, when available,
these foods are often more expensive than in better-off neighborhoods. Thus, poverty and living in a
poor area contribute to obesity, which in turn has negative consequences.
Germ Theory Correct Answer: The germ theory of disease contended that many diseases are caused by
microscopic organisms. Two of the main proponents of the germ theory were Louis pasteur and joseph
Lister. even though the germ theory was proposed in the last half of the nineteenth century, it took some
time for its recommendations regarding disease transmission and sanitary conditions for surgery to have
a major effect on medical practice.
Demographic approach Correct Answer: A demographic approach would look at how many years a
person would work for pay in their entire life if the person were working for pay at each age at the rate
existing in the population at that time. This could be known by applying a life table approach to
estimating the average number of years of working for pay. The population perspective is concerned
with causes of disease, but it is also concerned with structural factors related to mortality risks and
overall patterns of disease and mortality. The population perspective asks, "What could be done to
reduce death rates from a particular cause?" Understanding the population perspective can aid physicians
in contextualizing and understanding the situation in treating individual patients. Demography employs
the population perspective.
Clinical approach Correct Answer: In the clinical perspective, the health care provider uses what is
known to diagnose and treat an individual patient. The individually based clinical perspective asks,
"Why did this person die?" Or, "What could have been done to prevent this person from dying so soon?"
What is the difference between a demographic approach and a clinical approach to addressing a question
such as infant death? Correct Answer: A demographic approach would be interested in the causes of the
infant death but more focused on the structural factors that are related to mortality risks for infants. A
clinical approach is more individualized and is focused on why this particular infant died and what could
have been done to prevent this infant's death. Clinical approach is what a health care provider uses to
diagnose and treat an individual patient. Demographic- big picture. Clinical- individual case.
Briefly describe the difference in views of the causes of disease and death between biomedical
researchers and social scientists Correct Answer: Germ theory v. fundamental causes of disease; there
were major conflicts between two approaches to medical treatment. One was the allopathic approach,
which was based on the germ theory of disease view that each disease or ailment had a specific cause.
This approach contended that the way to treat an afflicted person was to address the specific cause of the
person's ailment. The other was the homeopathic approach. Adherents of the homeopathic approach
accepted the germ theory of disease, but they thought that other aspects of a person's situation and
health also affected a person's recovery. The allopathic approach saw treating a broken arm as treating
the arm in isolation, while the homeopathic approach saw the recovery of a person with a broken arm as
affected also by the patient's state of mind and the other health problems that the person might face.
Answers
Pronatalist Correct Answer: belief that supports and encourages human reproduction. Value in
population growth
Positive check Correct Answer: Misery. Hunger, poverty, and disease. The ultimate check on population
size is availability of food and other resources. If preventative check are not used to control population,
eventually positive checks will take over. The ultimate check on population size is the availability of
food and other resources.
Preventative Check Correct Answer: Vice. Prostitution, venereal disease, homosexuality and notably
abortion and birth control. Fertility within marriage should also not be restrained.
moral restraint Correct Answer: celibacy before marriage, marriage should be delayed until man is able
to make a living capable of supporting a family.
Social implication Correct Answer: social welfare would only encourage the poor to have children when
they cannot support them.
Social Darwinism Correct Answer: influenced Malthus, there are underlying, and largely irresistible,
forces acting in societies which are like the natural forces that operate in animal and plant communities.
One can therefore formulate social laws similar to natural ones. These social forces are of such a kind as
to produce evolutionary progress through the natural conflicts between social groups. The best adapted
and most successful social groups survive these conflicts, raising the evolutionary level of society
generally "survival of the fittest"
Malthusianism Correct Answer: 1798 "Essay in the principle of population as it affects the future
improvement of society." One of the most important population theories historically. Main contribution
was that population has environmental consequences. Humans, like plants and animals, are impelled to
increase in population instinctually, due to passion between the sexes. The food necessary for the
population increases exponentially, food increases arithmetically. Therefore, food supply cannot keep up
with population growth. Overpopulation forces wages to be low and decreases food available to people.
Population growth leads to poverty.
Critique of Malthusianism Correct Answer: the assertion the food production could not keep up with
population growth. The assertion that poverty was an inevitable result of population. The assertion that
welfare encourage larger family size. Belief that moral restraint was the only acceptable preventive
check.
neo-Malthusianism Correct Answer: agree with the idea that population increase can lead to scarcity of
resources, but favor contraception instead of 'moral restraint'
, Fundamental causes of disease approach Correct Answer: Link and Phelan, views social conditions,
poverty, and socioeconomic characteristics as the underlying causes of disease and death. eating healthy
food, which could reduce the risk of obesity, is related to the cost of those foods and their availability.
people who live in poor areas often have less access to fresh and nutritious food, and, when available,
these foods are often more expensive than in better-off neighborhoods. Thus, poverty and living in a
poor area contribute to obesity, which in turn has negative consequences.
Germ Theory Correct Answer: The germ theory of disease contended that many diseases are caused by
microscopic organisms. Two of the main proponents of the germ theory were Louis pasteur and joseph
Lister. even though the germ theory was proposed in the last half of the nineteenth century, it took some
time for its recommendations regarding disease transmission and sanitary conditions for surgery to have
a major effect on medical practice.
Demographic approach Correct Answer: A demographic approach would look at how many years a
person would work for pay in their entire life if the person were working for pay at each age at the rate
existing in the population at that time. This could be known by applying a life table approach to
estimating the average number of years of working for pay. The population perspective is concerned
with causes of disease, but it is also concerned with structural factors related to mortality risks and
overall patterns of disease and mortality. The population perspective asks, "What could be done to
reduce death rates from a particular cause?" Understanding the population perspective can aid physicians
in contextualizing and understanding the situation in treating individual patients. Demography employs
the population perspective.
Clinical approach Correct Answer: In the clinical perspective, the health care provider uses what is
known to diagnose and treat an individual patient. The individually based clinical perspective asks,
"Why did this person die?" Or, "What could have been done to prevent this person from dying so soon?"
What is the difference between a demographic approach and a clinical approach to addressing a question
such as infant death? Correct Answer: A demographic approach would be interested in the causes of the
infant death but more focused on the structural factors that are related to mortality risks for infants. A
clinical approach is more individualized and is focused on why this particular infant died and what could
have been done to prevent this infant's death. Clinical approach is what a health care provider uses to
diagnose and treat an individual patient. Demographic- big picture. Clinical- individual case.
Briefly describe the difference in views of the causes of disease and death between biomedical
researchers and social scientists Correct Answer: Germ theory v. fundamental causes of disease; there
were major conflicts between two approaches to medical treatment. One was the allopathic approach,
which was based on the germ theory of disease view that each disease or ailment had a specific cause.
This approach contended that the way to treat an afflicted person was to address the specific cause of the
person's ailment. The other was the homeopathic approach. Adherents of the homeopathic approach
accepted the germ theory of disease, but they thought that other aspects of a person's situation and
health also affected a person's recovery. The allopathic approach saw treating a broken arm as treating
the arm in isolation, while the homeopathic approach saw the recovery of a person with a broken arm as
affected also by the patient's state of mind and the other health problems that the person might face.
