BSC 2085 EXAM 2
What is bursitis ? - ANSWERS-nflamed bursae causes pain can result
from repetitive motion, irritation, trauma, infection (ex Bunion)
What 4 factors stabilize synovial joints? - ANSWERS-Prevent injury
by limiting range of motion
1. Collagen fibers (joint capsule, ligaments)
2. Shape of the articulating surfaces and menisci
3. Presence of other bones, muscles, or fat pads
4. Tension in the tendons of articulating bones
Are pain receptors found inside synovial joints? - ANSWERS-no,
pain receptors are not found on the inside of synovial joints. Pain felt
due to joint damage results from nerves that monitor the capsule,
ligaments, and tendons
What causes Dislocation? what happens? What does this damage? -
ANSWERS-caused by extreme stress on joint
Articulating surfaces forced out of position
Damages articular cartilage, ligaments, joint capsule
What joint location is most prone to dislocation? - ANSWERS-
Shoulder joint most prone to this injury
,What is Subluxation? - ANSWERS-A partial dislocation
What occurs when someone is double jointed? - ANSWERS-"double
jointed" people have weakly stabilized joints that are prone to
dislocation or partial dislocation
What are the 3 types of Dynamic motion? - ANSWERS-1 Linear
movement (gliding)
2 Angular movement
3 Rotation
What are the 3 planes of Dynamic motion? - ANSWERS-Monaxial (1
axis) - ex. Forward/backwards
Biaxial (2 axes) - ex. Forward/backwards and side to side
Triaxial (3 axes) - ex. Forward/backwards, side to side, and angular
What is Gliding movement? - ANSWERS-Two surfaces slide past
each other
Ex. between carpal or tarsal bones, clavicle and sternum
What is Angular movement? 6 types - ANSWERS-1. Flexion
Angular motion in the anterior-posterior plane, Reduces angle
between elements
2. Extension
Angular motion in the anterior-posterior plane Increases angle
between elements
,3. Hyperextension
Angular motion, Extension past anatomical position
4. Abduction
Angular motion in the frontal plane Moves away from longitudinal
axis
5. Adduction
Angular motion in the frontal plane Moves toward longitudinal axis
6. Circumduction
Angular motion in a circular motion without rotation
What are the 5 different types of rotation? - ANSWERS--it's Relative
to longitudinal axis of body
1. Left or right rotation
2. Medial rotation (inward rotation), Rotates toward axis
3. Lateral rotation (outward rotation), Rotates away from axis
4. Pronation- Rotates forearm, radius over ulna palm down
5. Supination- Forearm in anatomical position, palm up
what are the 11 special movements? - ANSWERS-1. Inversion
Twists sole of foot medially
2. Eversion
Twists sole of foot laterally
3. Dorsiflexion
Flexion at ankle (lifting toes)
, 4. Plantar flexion
Extension at ankle (pointing toes)
5. Opposition
Thumb movement toward fingers or palm (grasping)
6. Reposition
Opposite of opposition
7. Protraction
Moves anteriorly, In the horizontal plane (pushing forward)
8. Retraction
Opposite of protraction Moving posteriorly (pulling back)
9. Elevation
Moves in superior direction (up)
10. Depression
Moves in inferior direction (down)
11. Lateral flexion
Bends vertebral column from side to side
6 Functional Classification of Synovial Joints - ANSWERS-1. Gliding
- flattened or slightly curved faces, limited motion
(nonaxial/multiaxial)
2. Hinge - angular motion in a single plane (monaxial)
3. Pivot - rotation only (monaxial)
4. Condylar - oval articular face within a depression, motion in two
planes (biaxial)
5. Saddle - two concave, straddled (biaxial)
What is bursitis ? - ANSWERS-nflamed bursae causes pain can result
from repetitive motion, irritation, trauma, infection (ex Bunion)
What 4 factors stabilize synovial joints? - ANSWERS-Prevent injury
by limiting range of motion
1. Collagen fibers (joint capsule, ligaments)
2. Shape of the articulating surfaces and menisci
3. Presence of other bones, muscles, or fat pads
4. Tension in the tendons of articulating bones
Are pain receptors found inside synovial joints? - ANSWERS-no,
pain receptors are not found on the inside of synovial joints. Pain felt
due to joint damage results from nerves that monitor the capsule,
ligaments, and tendons
What causes Dislocation? what happens? What does this damage? -
ANSWERS-caused by extreme stress on joint
Articulating surfaces forced out of position
Damages articular cartilage, ligaments, joint capsule
What joint location is most prone to dislocation? - ANSWERS-
Shoulder joint most prone to this injury
,What is Subluxation? - ANSWERS-A partial dislocation
What occurs when someone is double jointed? - ANSWERS-"double
jointed" people have weakly stabilized joints that are prone to
dislocation or partial dislocation
What are the 3 types of Dynamic motion? - ANSWERS-1 Linear
movement (gliding)
2 Angular movement
3 Rotation
What are the 3 planes of Dynamic motion? - ANSWERS-Monaxial (1
axis) - ex. Forward/backwards
Biaxial (2 axes) - ex. Forward/backwards and side to side
Triaxial (3 axes) - ex. Forward/backwards, side to side, and angular
What is Gliding movement? - ANSWERS-Two surfaces slide past
each other
Ex. between carpal or tarsal bones, clavicle and sternum
What is Angular movement? 6 types - ANSWERS-1. Flexion
Angular motion in the anterior-posterior plane, Reduces angle
between elements
2. Extension
Angular motion in the anterior-posterior plane Increases angle
between elements
,3. Hyperextension
Angular motion, Extension past anatomical position
4. Abduction
Angular motion in the frontal plane Moves away from longitudinal
axis
5. Adduction
Angular motion in the frontal plane Moves toward longitudinal axis
6. Circumduction
Angular motion in a circular motion without rotation
What are the 5 different types of rotation? - ANSWERS--it's Relative
to longitudinal axis of body
1. Left or right rotation
2. Medial rotation (inward rotation), Rotates toward axis
3. Lateral rotation (outward rotation), Rotates away from axis
4. Pronation- Rotates forearm, radius over ulna palm down
5. Supination- Forearm in anatomical position, palm up
what are the 11 special movements? - ANSWERS-1. Inversion
Twists sole of foot medially
2. Eversion
Twists sole of foot laterally
3. Dorsiflexion
Flexion at ankle (lifting toes)
, 4. Plantar flexion
Extension at ankle (pointing toes)
5. Opposition
Thumb movement toward fingers or palm (grasping)
6. Reposition
Opposite of opposition
7. Protraction
Moves anteriorly, In the horizontal plane (pushing forward)
8. Retraction
Opposite of protraction Moving posteriorly (pulling back)
9. Elevation
Moves in superior direction (up)
10. Depression
Moves in inferior direction (down)
11. Lateral flexion
Bends vertebral column from side to side
6 Functional Classification of Synovial Joints - ANSWERS-1. Gliding
- flattened or slightly curved faces, limited motion
(nonaxial/multiaxial)
2. Hinge - angular motion in a single plane (monaxial)
3. Pivot - rotation only (monaxial)
4. Condylar - oval articular face within a depression, motion in two
planes (biaxial)
5. Saddle - two concave, straddled (biaxial)
